塞拉菌素
Selamectin
Semi-synthetic avermectin
別名: Revolution · Selehold · Stronghold Plus · UK-124114 · Selamectina · Selamectinum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
結構化劑量計算證據Biting lice (extra-label)
須由已驗證獸醫確認
- once
NA
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (1)
- The commercially available solution should be stored below 30°C (86°F). Keep away from flame or other igniters.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
塞拉菌素是一種廣效、半合成的阿維菌素類局部抗寄生蟲藥，廣泛應用於獸醫學。
主要臨床特點：
- 廣效性： 對多種體內外寄生蟲有效，包括心絲蟲幼蟲、跳蚤、耳疥蟲、疥癬蟲及某些壁蝨。
- 貓腸道寄生蟲： 在貓身上，對鉤蟲和蛔蟲也有效。
- 安全性高： 即使在對阿維菌素敏感的犬種（如帶有MDR1基因突變的牧羊犬）中，按照標籤建議劑量局部使用也非常安全。
- 全身吸收： 與許多僅停留在皮膚脂質層的局部除蚤/壁蝨產品不同，塞拉菌素會被全身吸收，這是其對抗心絲蟲和體內寄生蟲發揮效用的必要條件。
作用機制
Selamectin acts by binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels in the nervous system of invertebrates.
Binding → increased permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions → hyperpolarization of the nerve or muscle cell → flaccid paralysis and death of the parasite.
Clinical Pearl: Mammals generally lack glutamate-gated chloride channels, and macrocyclic lactones do not readily cross the intact mammalian blood-brain barrier (mediated by P-glycoprotein), conferring a high margin of safety.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Application to broken skin
- Application to wet hair coats
- Use in severely debilitated or underweight animals (relative)
- Puppies and kittens under 6 weeks of age
- Sick, debilitated, or severely underweight animals
- Known hypersensitivity to the active substance or excipients
不良反應
- Transient localized alopecia at application site (rare)
- Mild, transient gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea) if ingested
- Transient local alopecia at the application site
- Application site irritation or pruritus
- Rarely: vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or anorexia
- Rarely: neurological signs (tremors, ataxia) in highly sensitive individuals
注意事項
Do not massage into skin. Do not apply if hair coat is wet. Because the product contains alcohol, do not apply to broken skin. The product is flammable; keep away from flame or other igniters.
藥物相互作用
Potential for additive toxicity, though selamectin has a high margin of safety.
May theoretically increase systemic absorption and CNS penetration, increasing the risk of toxicity.
監測
- Clinical efficacy
- Owner compliance with treatment regimen
- Efficacy of parasite control
- Application site for signs of irritation or alopecia
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Absorbed systemically through the skin. Maximum plasma concentrations are reached in about 72 hours in dogs and 15 hours in cats.
分佈
Distributes widely and concentrates in the sebaceous glands, which act as a reservoir for prolonged topical efficacy.
代謝
Undergoes some hepatic metabolism.
排除
Excreted primarily in the feces, with a small amount in the urine.
過量
Generally very safe. Overdoses up to 10 times the recommended dose typically do not produce clinical signs in dogs or cats. If massive accidental ingestion occurs, monitor for neurologic signs (ataxia, tremors, mydriasis) and provide supportive care.
可用產品
劑型
- Topical solution
- Topical spot-on solution (6% w/v)
- Topical spot-on solution (12% w/v)
- Topical spot-on solution combined with sarolaner (Stronghold Plus)
獸醫用
- Selamectin Topical Solution for Cats; Revolution (Pfizer): 15 mg/tube (mauve), 45 mg/tube (blue)
- Selamectin Topical Solution for Dogs; Revolution (Pfizer): 15 mg/tube (mauve), 30 mg/tube (purple), 60 mg/tube (brown), 120 mg/tube (red), 240 mg/tube (teal)
- Selehold spot-on solution (6%, 12%)
- Stronghold spot-on solution (6%, 12%)
- Stronghold Plus spot-on solution (selamectin + sarolaner)
人用標示
- None
各地核准狀態
Classified as POM-V.
Classified as POM-V.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store below 30°C (86°F). Keep away from flame or other igniters.
飼主須知
重要用藥指示：
- 請直接滴於寵物肩胛骨前方的頸背部皮膚上。
- 請勿將藥液搓揉進皮膚。
- 若寵物毛髮潮濕，請勿使用。
- 用藥後請等待至少兩小時，再幫寵物洗澡或讓其游泳。
安全警告：
- 在用藥部位完全乾燥前，請避免接觸該部位。
- 避免產品接觸人體皮膚；若不慎接觸，請立即用肥皂和清水沖洗。
- 易燃： 請將產品遠離明火或熱源。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。