氯化鈉
Sodium chloride
別名: Aqupharm · Vetivex · Normal Saline · NaCl
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis) | Dose not specified in monograph | IV | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) | Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min | IV | As directed | Preoperative period or acute crisis | 🌍 EU |
| Corneal oedema | Dose not specified in monograph | Topical | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management) | Dose not specified in monograph | PO | As directed | Long-term | 🌍 EU |
- Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis): Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion): Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema: Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
- Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management): Enteric-coated products may have unpredictable efficacy in dogs.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluid replacement | Dose not specified in monograph | IV | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) | Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min | IV | As directed | Preoperative period or acute crisis | 🌍 EU |
| Corneal oedema | Dose not specified in monograph | Topical | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Intravenous fluid replacement: Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion): Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema: Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
氯化鈉是一種基礎的晶體輸液，在獸醫學中用於液體補充、電解質平衡以及作為藥物稀釋劑。它有低張、等張（生理食鹽水）和高張配方。
臨床提示： 高張食鹽水是治療休克時強效的體積擴張劑，但需要仔細監測血清鈉濃度，並隨後補充等張輸液。
作用機制
Isotonic and hypertonic formulations expand plasma volume and replace lost extracellular fluid. Hypotonic formulations provide free water and may promote oedema formation.
When used for fluid replacement, NaCl (0.45% and 0.9%) will expand the plasma volume compartment. → Compared with colloids, 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given because the crystalloid is distributed to other fluid compartments.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Dehydrated animals (Hypertonic saline)
- Hypovolaemic animals (Hypotonic solutions)
不良反應
- Peripheral oedema
- Hyperchloraemic acidosis (especially in compromised patients)
- Vagally mediated bradycardia (if hypertonic saline is administered >1 ml/kg/min)
- Stinging sensation (ophthalmic ointment)
注意事項
Warning: Hypertonic saline solutions have very high sodium concentrations. Monitor serum sodium concentrations before and after administration. Maintenance with an isotonic crystalloid is usually required after administration to correct electrolyte and fluid disturbances.
Safety and handling: Hypertonic saline solutions should be regarded as drugs, not standard IV fluids, and stored separately to prevent confusion.
Clinical Pearl: Enteric-coated products for oral use may not be adequately absorbed by dogs, leading to unpredictable efficacy. Normal saline contains higher amounts of chloride than plasma, increasing the risk of acidosis.
監測
- Serum sodium concentrations (especially before and after hypertonic saline)
- Acid-base status (monitor for acidosis)
- Heart rate (monitor for bradycardia during rapid hypertonic infusion)
- Hydration status and fluid balance
藥物動力學
吸收
Enteric-coated oral products may not be adequately absorbed by dogs, leading to unpredictable efficacy.
分佈
Crystalloids distribute widely into extracellular fluid compartments; 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given compared to colloids to achieve the same plasma volume expansion.
過量
Excessive administration of normal saline can increase the risk of hyperchloraemic acidosis and peripheral oedema. Administration of hypertonic saline at fluid rates >1 ml/kg/min can cause a vagally mediated bradycardia.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable: 0.45% to 7% NaCl solutions
- Injectable: 0.18% NaCl with 4% glucose
- Injectable: 0.9% NaCl with 5% glucose
- Oral: 300 mg, 600 mg tablets
- Ophthalmic: 5% ointment (compounded)
獸醫用
- Aqupharm
- Vetivex
人用標示
- Hypertonic saline
- Sodium chloride
各地核准狀態
POM-V classification
POM-V classification
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Hypertonic saline solutions should be stored separately from standard intravenous fluids to prevent accidental confusion and administration.
飼主須知
氯化鈉（生理食鹽水）通常用於為寵物補充水分、治療休克或處理特定的眼部疾病。如果您的寵物被處方口服鹽片或眼藥膏，請仔細遵循獸醫的指示。眼藥膏可能會引起輕微、暫時的刺痛感。請確保您的寵物隨時有乾淨的飲用水。
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