碘化鈉 / 碘化鉀
碘化物主要用於獸醫學中治療特定的肉芽腫性感染。主要適應症包括反芻動物的放線桿菌病（木舌症）和放線菌病，以及馬、狗和貓的孢子絲菌病。偶爾也用作祛痰劑或碘缺乏症的補充劑。貓對碘化物毒性高度敏感，因此在貓身上使用存在爭議。
作用機制: The exact mechanism of action for treating actinobacillosis and sporotrichosis is unknown. * Iodides possess little to no direct *in vitro* antimicrobial or antifungal activity. * They are believed to act by modifying the **granulomatous inflammatory process**. * **Proposed mechanism:** Iodides may enhance **phagocytosis** by macrophages or alter the immune response within granulomas, facilitating the breakdown of granulomatous tissue and allowing the body's immune system to clear the infection.
各物種劑量
- Actinobacillosis · 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution · IV · repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval · Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment.
- Actinobacillosis · 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution · IV · repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval · Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment.
- Sporotrichosis · 20 mg/kg PO q12-24h · PO · q12-24h · at least 60 days
- Sporotrichosis · 20 mg/kg PO q12-24h · PO · q12-24h · Using SSKI; give with food. Itraconazole is less likely to cause adverse effects.
- Actinobacillosis (woody tongue) · 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution · IV · repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval · Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment. Severe cases may require adjunctive antibiotics.
- Sporotrichosis · 20-40 mg/kg PO daily · PO · q24h · several weeks · Sodium iodide
- Sporotrichosis · Loading dose of sodium iodide at 20-40 mg/kg IV for 2-5 days, then 20-40 mg/kg PO once daily · IV, PO · q24h · at least 3 weeks after all clinical lesions disappear · May administer via oral syringe or mixed in sweet feed. Topical hot packs of 20% sodium iodide may be used on open wounds.
- Conidiobolomycosis · 20% sodium iodide at 44 mg/kg IV for 7 days, then ethylenediamine dihydroiodide at 1.3 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 months, then q24h for 1 year, then once per week · IV, PO · Variable · Over 1 year · Excessive lacrimation occasionally noted, but resolved if the drug was held for one day.
- Sporotrichosis · 40 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · at least 60 days · Using SSKI
- Sporotrichosis · 40 mg/kg PO q12h · PO · q12h · Using SSKI; give with food. Itraconazole is less likely to have adverse effects.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Known iodide hypersensitivity
- Lactating animals (excreted in milk)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Renal failure
- Severe dehydration
- Pregnancy (may cause abortion in cattle)
不良反應
- Excessive tearing (epiphora)
- Vomiting and nausea
- Anorexia / inappetence
- Nasal discharge
- Muscle twitching
- Cardiomyopathy
- Scaly haircoats and dandruff
- Hyperthermia
- Decreased milk production
- Decreased weight gain
- Coughing
- Diarrhea
- Goiter (especially in foals from supplemented mares)
- Cardiovascular failure (in severe toxicity)
藥物相互作用
- Antithyroid medications · Iodides may decrease the efficacy of antithyroid medications.
- Thyroid supplements · Iodides may enhance the efficacy of thyroid medications.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of granulomatous lesions)
- Signs of iodism (excessive tearing, nasal discharge, scaly haircoats/dandruff, hyperthermia, coughing, diarrhea)
- Thyroid function (if used long-term)
過量
Excessive iodine accumulation leads to a toxic syndrome known as **iodism**. * **Clinical Signs:** Excessive tearing (epiphora), vomiting, anorexia, nasal discharge, muscle twitching, cardiomyopathy, scaly haircoats/dandruff, hyperthermia, decreased milk production and weight gain, coughing, inappetence, and diarrhea. * **Species Sensitivity:** Cats are particularly prone to developing iodism. Young animals may be more susceptible than adults. Foals have developed goiter when mares were excessively supplemented. * **Severe Toxicity:** Can progress to depression, hypothermia, and cardiovascular failure.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。