硫代硫酸鈉
解毒劑
硫代硫酸鈉是一種多功能解毒劑，在獸醫學中主要用於**氰化物**和**砷**中毒。 * **氰化物中毒**：通常單獨使用或與亞硝酸鈉合併使用。 * **重金屬中毒**：用於砷或銅中毒（與鉬酸鈉合併使用），儘管其對砷的療效尚有爭議。 * **化療藥物外滲**：用於減輕順鉑、卡鉑、放線菌素D和阿黴素外滲造成的組織損傷。 * **局部使用**：偶爾用於真菌感染（體癬）。
作用機制: Sodium thiosulfate acts primarily as an exogenous sulfur donor. * **Cyanide Antidote**: It provides sulfur to the enzyme **rhodanese** (thiosulfate cyanide sulfurtransferase). Rhodanese catalyzes the conversion of highly toxic cyanide → relatively non-toxic **thiocyanate** ion, which is then safely excreted in the urine. * **Heavy Metal Chelation**: The sulfate moiety is presumed to react with and chelate metals like arsenic, facilitating their removal from the body. * **Topical Antifungal**: Activity is likely due to the slow release of colloidal sulfur.
各物種劑量
Sheep
- Copper poisoning · 500 mg sodium thiosulfate in combination with 200 mg ammonium or sodium molybdate PO daily · PO · q24h · up to 3 weeks · Ruminant dose. In conjunction with fluid replacement therapy
- Cyanide toxicity secondary to cyanogenic plants · 660 mg/kg IV sodium thiosulfate in a 30% solution given rapidly using a 12 or 14 gauge needle. · IV · Once · Ruminant dose.
- Arsenic poisoning · 30-60 grams PO every 6 hours for 3-4 days and 30-60 grams as a 10-20% solution IV · PO/IV · q6h · 3-4 days · Ruminant dose. Adjunctive fluid and electrolyte replacement is necessary.
Goats
- Copper poisoning · 500 mg sodium thiosulfate in combination with 200 mg ammonium or sodium molybdate PO daily · PO · q24h · up to 3 weeks · Ruminant dose. In conjunction with fluid replacement therapy
- Cyanide toxicity secondary to cyanogenic plants · 660 mg/kg IV sodium thiosulfate in a 30% solution given rapidly using a 12 or 14 gauge needle. · IV · Once · Ruminant dose.
- Arsenic poisoning · 30-60 grams PO every 6 hours for 3-4 days and 30-60 grams as a 10-20% solution IV · PO/IV · q6h · 3-4 days · Ruminant dose. Adjunctive fluid and electrolyte replacement is necessary.
Cats
- Cyanide toxicity · Contact an animal poison control center for guidance. · IV · As directed · As directed
- Doxorubicin extravasation · Subcutaneous sodium thiosulfate 2% added to therapy with subcutaneous hydrocortisone and topical betamethasone · SC · Once · Human recommendation extrapolated for veterinary use
- Carboplatin extravasation · Prepare a 0.17 moles/L solution by mixing 4 mL sodium thiosulfate 10% w/v with 6 mL sterile water for injection. Inject 5 mL into extravasation site. · SC/Intralesional · Once · Human recommendation
- Cisplatin extravasation · Prepare a 0.17 moles/L solution by mixing 4 mL sodium thiosulfate 10% w/v with 6 mL sterile water for injection. Inject into extravasation site. · SC/Intralesional · Once · For extravasation of large amounts (>20 mL) of highly concentrated (>0.5 mg/mL) solutions
Cattle
- Copper poisoning · 500 mg sodium thiosulfate in combination with 200 mg ammonium or sodium molybdate PO daily · PO · q24h · up to 3 weeks · In conjunction with fluid replacement therapy
- Cyanide toxicity secondary to cyanogenic plants · 660 mg/kg IV sodium thiosulfate in a 30% solution given rapidly using a 12 or 14 gauge needle. · IV · Once
- Arsenic poisoning · 30-60 grams PO every 6 hours for 3-4 days and 30-60 grams as a 10-20% solution IV · PO/IV · q6h · 3-4 days · Adjunctive fluid and electrolyte replacement is necessary.
Horses
- Cyanide toxicity · First give sodium nitrite at a dose of 16 mg/kg IV followed with a 20% solution of sodium thiosulfate given at a dose of 30-40 mg/kg IV · IV · Once · If repeating treatment, use sodium thiosulfate only.
- Cyanide toxicity · First give sodium nitrite in a 20% solution at a dose of 10-20 mg/kg IV followed with a 20% solution of sodium thiosulfate given at a dose of 30-40 mg/kg IV · IV · Once
- Arsenic toxicity · Sodium thiosulfate at 20-30 grams in 300 mL of water orally with dimercaprol (BAL) 3 mg/kg IM q4h · PO · Once
Dogs
- Cyanide toxicity · Contact an animal poison control center for guidance. · IV · As directed · As directed
- Doxorubicin extravasation · Subcutaneous sodium thiosulfate 2% added to therapy with subcutaneous hydrocortisone and topical betamethasone · SC · Once · Human recommendation extrapolated for veterinary use
- Carboplatin extravasation · Prepare a 0.17 moles/L solution by mixing 4 mL sodium thiosulfate 10% w/v with 6 mL sterile water for injection. Inject 5 mL into extravasation site. · SC/Intralesional · Once · Human recommendation
- Cisplatin extravasation · Prepare a 0.17 moles/L solution by mixing 4 mL sodium thiosulfate 10% w/v with 6 mL sterile water for injection. Inject into extravasation site. · SC/Intralesional · Once · For extravasation of large amounts (>20 mL) of highly concentrated (>0.5 mg/mL) solutions
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
IVPOSCTopical
禁忌症
- None absolute
不良反應
- Profuse diarrhea (with large oral doses)
藥物相互作用
- Cyanocobalamin · Not compatible when mixed together
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of toxicity signs)
- Hydration status (if diarrhea occurs from oral dosing)
過量
The drug is relatively non-toxic. Large doses by mouth may cause profuse diarrhea. Injectable forms should be given slowly IV.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。