司坦唑醇
Stanozolol
17alpha-Methyl-5alpha-androstano[3,2-c]pyrazol-17beta-ol (Androstanazole)
別名: Winstrol-V · Menabol · Neurabol · Stanol · Strombaject · Androstanazole · Estanozolol · Methylstanazole · NSC-43193 · Stanozololum · Win-14833
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an anabolic agent per labeled indications (Small Breeds) | 1-2 mg PO twice daily; or 25 mg deep IM, may repeat weekly. | PO/IM | q12h (PO) or weekly (IM) | Several weeks, depending on response | 🌎 NA |
| As an anabolic agent per labeled indications (Large Breeds) | 2-4 mg PO twice daily; or 50 mg deep IM, may repeat weekly. | PO/IM | q12h (PO) or weekly (IM) | Several weeks, depending on response | 🌎 NA |
| For anemia secondary to chronic renal failure | 1-4 mg PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For anemias secondary to uremia | 2-10 mg PO twice daily | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an anabolic/appetite stimulant | 1-4 mg PO twice daily OR 1-2 mg PO twice daily or 25-50 mg IM weekly | PO/IM | q12h (PO) or weekly (IM) | — | 🌎 NA |
| For canine cognitive dysfunction | 2 mg/kg IM for 4-6 weeks with 1-2 mg (total dose) PO once daily for dogs less than 23 kg and 4 mg (total dose) PO once daily for dogs greater than 23 kg. | IM/PO | q24h (PO) | 4-6 weeks initially | 🌎 NA |
- For canine cognitive dysfunction: If drug has some positive effect, maintain oral dosing and gradually reduce injections to every 3-4 weeks.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an anabolic agent per labeled indications | 1-2 mg PO twice daily; or 25 mg deep IM, may repeat weekly. | PO/IM | q12h (PO) or weekly (IM) | Several weeks, depending on response | 🌎 NA |
- As an anabolic agent per labeled indications: EXTREME CAUTION: High incidence of hepatotoxicity in cats.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an appetite stimulant (Rabbits) | 0.5-2 mg PO once | PO | Once | Single dose | 🌎 NA |
雪貂
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General therapeutics | 0.5 mg/kg PO or SC twice daily | PO/SC | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- General therapeutics: Use with caution in hepatic disease.
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an anabolic agent to promote weight gain and recovery from disease | 0.5-1 mL/kg (25-50 mg/kg) IM once or twice weekly. | IM | Once or twice weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
- As an anabolic agent to promote weight gain and recovery from disease: Use with caution in birds with renal disease.
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-surgically and in very debilitated animals | 5 mg/kg IM once a week as needed | IM | weekly | As needed | 🌎 NA |
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an anabolic agent per labeled indications | 0.55 mg/kg (25 mg per 100 pounds of body weight) IM deeply. May repeat weekly for up to and including 4 weeks. | IM | weekly | Up to 4 weeks | 🌎 NA |
- As an anabolic agent per labeled indications: ARCI UCGFS Class 4 Drug. Contraindicated in breeding stallions and food animals.
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For acute or subacute aflatoxicosis in ruminants | Stanozolol 2 mg/kg IM (plus activated charcoal 6.7 mg/kg as a 30% w/v slurry in M/15, pH 7 phosphate buffer). | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
- For acute or subacute aflatoxicosis in ruminants: Do not combine with oxytetracycline therapy.
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For acute or subacute aflatoxicosis in ruminants | Stanozolol 2 mg/kg IM (plus activated charcoal 6.7 mg/kg as a 30% w/v slurry in M/15, pH 7 phosphate buffer). | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
- For acute or subacute aflatoxicosis in ruminants: Do not combine with oxytetracycline therapy.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
司坦唑醇（Stanozolol）是一種衍生自睪固酮的合成同化類固醇（Anabolic Steroid）。在獸醫學歷史上，它被廣泛用於改善食慾、促進體重增加、增強體力與活力，以及治療與慢性疾病相關的貧血。
雖然美國FDA已不再核准其商業產品（如Winstrol®-V）上市，但該藥物仍可透過獸醫調劑藥局取得。
臨床重點： 司坦唑醇在貓身上具有極高的肝毒性發生率。除非絕對必要，否則極不建議在貓身上使用，且使用時需要極度謹慎並進行嚴格的監測。
儘管與內源性睪固酮相比，它具有較高的同化/雄性化比例，但仍可能發生雄性化副作用（如行為改變和生殖抑制），特別是在長期使用或高劑量的情況下。由於具有被人類濫用的潛力，它屬於管制藥品。
作用機制
Stanozolol is highly lipophilic and diffuses across the cell membrane to bind with intracellular androgen receptors.
- Anabolic Pathway: The receptor-hormone complex translocates to the nucleus → binds to specific DNA sequences (hormone response elements) → modulates transcription of target genes → increases protein synthesis (anabolism), promotes a positive nitrogen balance, and induces muscle hypertrophy.
- Erythropoietic Pathway: Stimulates the production of erythropoietin in the kidneys → stimulates bone marrow → increases red blood cell production (useful in treating anemia of chronic disease).
- Fibrinolytic Pathway: Enhances fibrinolysis after parenteral injection, which provides a theoretical basis for its use in treating feline aortic thromboembolism or thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Pregnant animals (Category X - teratogenic)
- Breeding stallions
- Food-producing animals
- Patients with hepatic dysfunction
- Patients with hypercalcemia
- Patients with a history of myocardial infarction
- Patients with pituitary insufficiency
- Patients with prostate carcinoma or benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Patients with mammary carcinoma
- During the nephrotic stage of nephritis
不良反應
- Hepatotoxicity (especially high incidence in cats)
- Sodium, calcium, potassium, water, chloride, and phosphate retention
- Behavioral changes (androgenic effects such as increased aggression)
- Reproductive abnormalities (oligospermia, estrus suppression)
- Mild androgenic effects (usually only at high doses or prolonged use)
注意事項
Extreme Caution: Use in cats due to a very high incidence of hepatotoxicity.
Caution: Use cautiously in patients with cardiac and renal dysfunction; enhanced fluid and electrolyte monitoring is required due to the potential for sodium and water retention.
Pregnancy Warning: FDA Category X / Papich Class D. Teratogenicity clearly outweighs any possible benefit. Contraindicated in pregnant animals. Use with extreme caution in nursing patients as it is unknown if it is excreted in maternal milk.
藥物相互作用
Anabolic agents may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants; monitoring of INR/PT and dosage adjustment of the anticoagulant are recommended.
Anabolics may enhance the edema that can be associated with ACTH or adrenal steroid therapy.
Anabolics may decrease blood glucose and decrease insulin requirements; diabetic patients receiving insulin may need dosage adjustments.
監測
- Androgenic side effects (behavioral changes)
- Fluid and electrolyte status (especially in cardiac/renal patients)
- Liver function tests (crucial in cats)
- RBC count and indices (if treating anemia)
- Weight and appetite
藥物動力學
排除
No specific information located. Injectable suspension is generally dosed on a weekly basis.
過量
No specific information was located for this agent in veterinary species. In humans, sodium and water retention can occur after overdosage of anabolic steroids.
Treatment: Treat supportively and monitor liver function should an inadvertent overdose be administered.
可用產品
劑型
- Tablets
- Injectable suspension
獸醫用
- None commercially available. Previously available as Winstrol®-V tablets and injection. Currently available via compounding pharmacies.
人用標示
- None commercially available.
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Stanozolol tablets should be stored in tight, light-resistant packaging, preferably at room temperature.
飼主須知
司坦唑醇是一種同化類固醇，用於幫助寵物增加體重、增強肌肉或治療特定類型的貧血。
- 給藥方式： 藥錠可以壓碎並混入食物中餵食，以方便給藥。
- 安全警告： 此藥物可能引起嚴重的肝臟損傷，特別是在貓身上。您的獸醫師可能會建議定期進行血液檢查以監測肝功能。
- 儲存與處理： 由於具有被人類濫用的潛力，司坦唑醇屬於管制藥品。必須將其存放在安全的區域，嚴格防止兒童和未經授權的人員接觸。
- 副作用： 請密切觀察是否有體液滯留（水腫）、行為改變（如攻擊性增加）或眼睛/牙齦發黃（黃疸）的跡象，若有發現請立即通知您的獸醫師。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。