舒芬太尼
Sufentanil
Sufentanil citrate
別名: Fastfen · Fentaientel · R-33800 · sufentanili citras · fentathienel citrate · sufentanyl citrate · sulfentanil citrate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As a pre-med | 3 micrograms/kg IV | IV | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| For epidural analgesia | 0.7-1 micrograms/kg diluted to a volume of 0.26 mL/kg with sterile saline | Epidural | Single dose | 1-4 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Acute pain relief in an emergency | 0.75-2 micrograms/kg IV ; constant rate infusion of 1-2 micrograms/kg/hour | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
| For surgical pain | 5 micrograms/kg IV prior to a CRI. CRI (post-operative) of 0.1 micrograms/kg/hour | IV | CRI | 2-6 hours | 🌎 NA |
- As a pre-med: As a combination for induction: Sufentanil 3 micrograms/kg IV first, then diazepam or midazolam 0.2-0.5 mg IV.
- For epidural analgesia: Onset of action in 10-15 minutes.
- For surgical pain: Duration of effect: 2-6 hours.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute pain relief in an emergency | 0.1-0.5 micrograms/kg IV ; constant rate infusion of 0.5-1 micrograms/kg/hour | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
舒芬太尼 (Sufentanil) 是一種極效的合成鴉片類鎮痛藥（效力約為芬太尼的 5 至 10 倍，嗎啡的 500 至 1000 倍）。
在獸醫學中，主要用作輔助麻醉劑或硬脊膜外鎮痛。
關鍵臨床重點：
- 效力： 與許多其他麻醉劑相比，能提供深度的鎮痛效果及極佳的心血管穩定性。
- 起效與恢復： 具有快速起效的特點（1-3 分鐘），且恢復時間比芬太尼更快。
- 風險： 帶有顯著的劑量依賴性呼吸及中樞神經系統抑制風險，必須對病患進行持續監測。
作用機制
Sufentanil acts as a highly selective and potent mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist in the central nervous system.
- Binding to the G-protein coupled mu-receptor → inhibits adenylate cyclase → decreases intracellular cAMP.
- This leads to the opening of inward-rectifying potassium channels (causing hyperpolarization) and the closing of voltage-gated calcium channels.
- Result → decreased release of nociceptive neurotransmitters (such as Substance P and glutamate), interrupting pain transmission pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and altering pain perception in the brain.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to sufentanil or other opioids
不良反應
- Respiratory depression (dose-related)
- CNS depression
- Bradycardia
- Skeletal muscle rigidity
- Asystole (rare)
- Hypercarbia (rare)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rare)
注意事項
Warning: Sufentanil is a Class-II controlled substance with extreme potency. It should only be used in situations where patient vital signs can be continuously monitored.
- Geriatric/Debilitated Patients: Use with caution; initial dosage reduction may be required, particularly in those with diminished cardiopulmonary function.
- Organ Impairment: Use with caution in patients with severely diminished renal or hepatic function.
- Pregnancy: Avoid systemic administration to mothers close to giving birth, as offspring may show behavioral alterations (hypotonia, depression).
藥物相互作用
May increase bradycardia and hypotension
May increase bradycardia and hypotension
Additive effects can occur, exacerbating CNS or respiratory depression
Can cause cardiovascular depression if used with high dose sufentanil
監測
- Anesthetic and/or analgesic efficacy
- Cardiac rate
- Respiratory rate
- Pulse oximetry or other methods to measure blood oxygenation
藥物動力學
吸收
Rapid onset of action (1-3 minutes) after intravenous injection. Low oral bioavailability.
分佈
Highly lipid soluble. Volume of distribution in the central compartment is 0.1 L/kg. Approximately 93% is bound to plasma proteins. Plasma concentrations rapidly decline due to redistribution.
代謝
Metabolized primarily in the liver and small intestine via O-demethylation and N-dealkylation.
排除
The parent drug and metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine. Plasma clearance is reported to be 11.8 mL/min/kg.
過量
In dogs, the LD50 of intravenous sufentanil is 10.1-19.5 mg/kg.
Clinical Signs of Severe Overdose:
- Apnea
- Circulatory collapse
- Pulmonary edema
- Seizures
- Cardiac arrest and death
Treatment: Consists of a combination of supportive therapy (ventilation, cardiovascular support) and administration of an opiate antagonist such as naloxone. Although sufentanil has a fairly rapid half-life, multiple doses of naloxone may be necessary.
Clinical Pearl: Because of the drug's extreme potency, use a tuberculin syringe to measure dosages less than 1 mL, and employ a dosage calculation/measurement double-check system.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection
人用標示
- Sufentanil Citrate Injection: 50 micrograms/mL (as base) in 1 mL, 2 mL & 5 mL amps; Sufenta (preservative free)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Unless otherwise labeled, sufentanil injection should be stored protected from light at room temperature. Sufentanil citrate is hydrolyzed in acidic solutions.
飼主須知
舒芬太尼是一種極效的止痛藥物，僅限由獸醫專業人員在醫院環境中使用。
- 使用原因： 在手術或緊急情況下給予，以提供深度的疼痛緩解並輔助麻醉。
- 監測： 由於藥效極強，您的寵物在接受此藥物時將受到持續監測（心跳、呼吸和血氧濃度）。
- 安全性： 此藥物不會開立處方供居家使用。如果您的寵物在醫院接受了此藥物，在藥效消退時可能會有些微嗜睡或昏沉。
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