磺胺二甲嘧啶/奧美普林
Sulfadimethoxine/Ormetoprim
Sulfadimethoxine and Ormetoprim
別名: Primor · Rofenaid 40 · Romet 30 · NSC-95072 · ormetoprima · ormétoprime · ormetoprimum · Ro-5-9754 · solfadimetossina · solfadimetossipirimidina · sulphadimethoxine · Chemiosalfa · Deltin · Risulpir · Ritarsulfa · Sulfadren · Sulfastop · Sulfathox
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections (skin and soft tissue) | Initially 55 mg/kg (combined drug) PO on the first day of therapy, then 27.5 mg/kg PO once daily for at least 2 days after remission of clinical signs. Not approved for treatment longer than 21 days. | PO | q24h | Up to 21 days | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible infections (skin and soft tissue): Dose is based on combined drug weight.
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | Medicated premix: 113.5 grams sulfadimethoxine and 68.1 grams ormetoprim per pound in 50 lb bags | PO | Continuous in feed | Varies | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible infections: FDA-approved for chickens (broilers, replacements), turkeys, ducks, & Chukar partridges. 5-day slaughter withdrawal. Do not feed to chickens over 16 weeks of age, or turkeys/ducks producing eggs for food.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
這是一種增效磺胺類抗菌藥，獲FDA核准用於治療犬隻由敏感葡萄球菌和大腸桿菌引起的皮膚及軟組織感染。與其他磺胺類藥物相比，其副作用可能較少，且可每日給藥一次。注意：此藥無法有效穿透前列腺，因此不適用於前列腺感染。
作用機制
Sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim is bactericidal due to the synergistic, sequential inhibition of enzymes in the bacterial folic acid synthesis pathway.
- Sulfadimethoxine (a sulfonamide) acts as a false substrate, competitively inhibiting the conversion of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) → dihydrofolic acid (DFA).
- Ormetoprim (a diaminopyrimidine) blocks the subsequent conversion of DFA → tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) by reversibly inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase.
This dual blockade halts bacterial thymidine synthesis, ultimately preventing DNA replication. It has a broad spectrum of activity against many Gram-positive (e.g., Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Nocardia) and Gram-negative organisms (excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as certain protozoa (Pneumocystis, Coccidia, Toxoplasma).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, thiazides, or sulfonylurea agents
- Severe renal or hepatic impairment
- Marked liver parenchymal damage
- Blood dyscrasias
- Doberman Pinschers (highly susceptible to sulfonamide-induced poly-systemic immune complex disease)
不良反應
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS/dry eye) - potentially irreversible
- Acute neutrophilic hepatitis with icterus
- Vomiting
- Anorexia
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Hemolytic anemia
- Urticaria
- Polyarthritis
- Facial swelling
- Polydipsia and polyuria
- Cholestasis
- Hypersensitivity reactions (Type I anaphylaxis or Type III serum sickness)
- Hypothyroidism (with extended use)
- Crystalluria and hematuria (especially in cats)
- Leukopenias and anemias
注意事項
Use with caution in patients with pre-existing hepatic or thyroid disease, diminished renal function, urinary obstruction, or urolithiasis. Hypersensitivity reactions appear more common in large breed dogs. Potentially teratogenic (cleft palate reported in lab animals with TMP/sulfa); weigh risk versus benefit in pregnant animals.
藥物相互作用
Specific interactions are not explicitly noted for this combination, but it is expected to share the interaction profile of trimethoprim/sulfa (e.g., potential antagonism with cyclosporine, increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulants).
監測
- Clinical efficacy and resolution of infection
- Adverse effects (especially signs of hypersensitivity or liver issues)
- Tear production via Schirmer Tear Test in dogs (baseline, at 5 days post-initiation, and then every 2-3 weeks)
藥物動力學
分佈
Ormetoprim does not attain clinically effective levels in the prostate for treating bacterial prostatic infections.
過量
In experimental dog studies, doses >80 mg/kg resulted in slight tremors and increased motor activity. Higher doses may cause depression, anorexia, or seizures.
Treatment: For very high oral overdoses, empty the gut using standard precautions and protocols. Treat clinical signs supportively and symptomatically.
可用產品
劑型
- Tablets
- Medicated premix
獸醫用
- Sulfadimethoxine/Ormetoprim Tablets (scored): 120 mg (100 mg sulfa/20 mg ormetoprim), 240 mg, 600 mg, 1200 mg (Primor)
- Sulfadimethoxine/Ormetoprim medicated premix (Rofenaid 40, Romet 30)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, store tablets in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature.
飼主須知
- 保持水分：治療期間必須讓寵物隨時可以喝到新鮮的水，以防脫水及尿液結晶。
- 注意眼睛狀況：觀察是否有「乾眼症」的跡象（如瞇眼、發紅、黏稠分泌物）。若出現這些症狀請立即聯繫獸醫，以免造成永久性眼睛損傷。
- 過敏反應：若發現面部腫脹、蕁麻疹、嘔吐、發燒、關節痛或嚴重嗜睡，請停藥並立即聯繫獸醫。
- 請嚴格按照處方給藥，即使寵物看起來已經康復，也必須完成整個療程以防細菌產生抗藥性。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。