泰妙素
**泰妙素 (Tiamulin)** 是一種半合成的雙萜類截短側耳素抗生素，主要用於豬隻醫療。它對黴漿菌屬 (Mycoplasma spp.)、螺旋體（如引起豬赤痢的豬痢疾螺旋體）以及多種革蘭氏陽性球菌（包括大多數葡萄球菌和鏈球菌，但不含 D 群）具有高度療效。 雖然它對大多數革蘭氏陰性菌的活性較差，但對胸膜肺炎放線桿菌 (Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae) 以及部分大腸桿菌和克雷伯氏菌株仍具療效。 > **臨床要點：** 泰妙素獨特的雙萜結構使其較少與其他類別抗生素產生交叉抗藥性。然而，由於它與巨環類 (macrolides) 和林可胺類 (lincosamides) 共用核糖體結合位點，應避免同時使用以防產生競爭性拮抗作用。
作用機制: Tiamulin acts by binding to the **50S ribosomal subunit** at the peptidyl transferase center → blocks the correct positioning of tRNA → **inhibits bacterial protein synthesis**. It is generally **bacteriostatic**, but can become **bactericidal** at very high concentrations against highly susceptible organisms.
各物種劑量
- Swine dysentery · 7.7 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water · PO · q24h · 5 days · See package directions for dilution instructions.
- Swine pneumonia · 23.1 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water · PO · q24h · 5 days · See package directions for dilution instructions.
- Medicated premix · See the label for the product · PO · Continuous · Varies · Used for increased weight gain or disease control.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Concurrent access to feeds containing polyether ionophores (e.g., monensin, lasalocid, narasin, salinomycin)
- Swine weighing over 250 pounds
不良反應
- Skin redness/erythema (rare, primarily over the ham and underline)
藥物相互作用
- Polyether ionophores (monensin, lasalocid, narasin, salinomycin) · Severe adverse reactions and potential toxicity can occur if administered to animals with access to these feed additives.
- Lincosamides and Macrolides (clindamycin, lincomycin, erythromycin, tylosin) · Concomitant use could lead to decreased efficacy secondary to competition at the 50S ribosomal binding site.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of respiratory or enteric signs)
- Feed and water intake
過量
Oral overdoses in pigs may cause transient **salivation**, **vomiting**, and **CNS depression** (calming effect). **Management:** Discontinue the drug immediately and treat symptomatically and supportively if necessary. Provide clean, unmedicated drinking water.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。