傳明酸
傳明酸是一種合成的離胺酸類似物，作為**抗纖維蛋白溶解劑**用於控制出血。它對患有**高纖維蛋白溶解狀態**和某些形式的**凝血病**的病患特別有益。 **臨床提示：** 在獸醫學中常用于創傷、手術出血（例如靈緹犬手術）以及與*廣東住血線蟲*（肺蟲）或免疫介導性血小板減少症（IMTP）相關的出血。 > **警告：** 腎功能不全或已有血栓栓塞疾病的病患應謹慎使用。
作用機制: Tranexamic acid is a synthetic lysine analogue that reversibly binds to the **lysine binding sites of plasminogen**. Plasminogen → (blocked by TXA) → Plasmin This prevents the action of plasmin on fibrin, thereby delaying **fibrin dissolution** (fibrinolysis) and reducing bleeding. By stabilizing the clot, it helps maintain hemostasis in bleeding disorders.
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Thromboembolic disease
- Severe renal impairment (without dose adjustment)
不良反應
- Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hypotension (if given rapidly IV)
- Seizures (at high doses)
- Retinal changes (rare, high doses)
藥物相互作用
- Estrogens · Increased risk of thrombosis · moderate
- Tissue plasminogen activators (e.g., alteplase) · Antagonizes fibrinolytic effects · major
監測
- Clinical signs of bleeding
- Coagulation profiles (PT, aPTT, TEG/ROTEM)
- Renal function
過量
Overdosage may result in severe **gastrointestinal signs** (vomiting, diarrhea), **hypotension**, and neurological signs including **seizures** (due to GABA-A receptor antagonism). Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。