特美帕嗪與潑尼松龍
Trimeprazine with Prednisolone
Trimeprazine tartrate and prednisolone
別名: Temaril-P · Vanectyl-P · Alimemazine tartrate · Chemists Own Peetalix · Nedeltran · Panectyl · Repeltin · Theralene · Vallergan · Variargil
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antipruritic and antitussive therapy | Weight up to 10 lb = 1/2 tab PO twice daily; 11-20 lb = 1 tablet twice daily; 21-40 lb = 2 tablets twice daily; over 40 lb = 3 tablets twice daily. After 4 days reduce dose to 1/2 of initial dose or to an amount just sufficient to maintain remission of symptoms; adjust as necessary. | PO | twice daily | After 4 days reduce dose | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of pruritus | 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight once daily for 3-5 days, then every other day. | PO | once daily then every other day | 3-5 days then every other day | 🌎 NA |
| Atopic dermatitis | 1 tablet of Temaril-P per 5 kg body weight q12h for one week, then once daily for one week, then q48h (every other day). | PO | q12h then once daily then q48h | 1 week q12h, 1 week once daily, then q48h | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of pruritus: Giving with an EFA (essential fatty acid) may reduce the dose and frequency, if not the need for, glucocorticoids.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
特美帕嗪與潑尼松龍（常見商品名為 Temaril-P®）是一種在獸醫學中廣泛使用的複方藥物，主要用於控制犬隻的搔癢和咳嗽。
- 特美帕嗪 (Trimeprazine)（又稱 alimemazine）是一種吩噻嗪類衍生物，具有強效的抗組織胺、輕度鎮靜及鎮咳作用。
- 潑尼松龍 (Prednisolone) 是一種中效糖皮質激素，提供強大的抗發炎和免疫抑制效果。
臨床要點： 將抗組織胺與皮質類固醇結合使用的協同效應，使得只需較低劑量的潑尼松龍即可達到相同的止癢效果。這種「節省類固醇」的策略有助於將長期使用糖皮質激素引起的不良反應風險降至最低，同時有效控制臨床症狀。
作用機制
The drug exerts its effects through two distinct mechanisms:
- Trimeprazine: Acts primarily as a competitive antagonist at H1-histamine receptors, preventing histamine-induced capillary permeability, vasodilation, and pruritus. It also exhibits central antitussive and sedative properties by antagonizing central dopamine (D2) and muscarinic (M1) receptors in the brainstem and reticular activating system.
- Prednisolone: Diffuses across cell membranes and binds to cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors. The receptor-ligand complex translocates to the nucleus → alters gene transcription → induces production of lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) → inhibits phospholipase A2. This blocks the release of arachidonic acid, thereby suppressing the synthesis of key inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Systemic fungal infections
- Hypovolemia or shock
- Tetanus or strychnine intoxication
- Late pregnancy (last trimester) due to risk of inducing parturition
不良反應
- Sedation
- Depression
- Hypotension
- Extrapyramidal reactions (rigidity, tremors, weakness, restlessness)
- Polyuria (increased urination)
- Polydipsia (increased thirst)
- Polyphagia (increased appetite)
- Elevated liver enzymes
- Weight loss or weight gain
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome) with chronic use
- Delayed wound healing
- Osteoporosis
- Increased susceptibility to infections
注意事項
Use with caution in patients with hepatic dysfunction, cardiac disease, active bacterial or viral infections, peptic ulcers, acute psychoses, corneal ulcers, Cushingoid syndrome, diabetes, osteoporosis, predisposition to thrombophlebitis, hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), renal insufficiency, general debilitation, and in very young animals. If used chronically, therapy must be withdrawn gradually to prevent Addisonian crisis. May alter thyroid testing and skin allergy testing.
藥物相互作用
Phenothiazines may increase hypotensive effects
Concomitant use with glucocorticoids may cause severe hypokalemia
May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
In myasthenia gravis patients, concomitant use may lead to profound muscle weakness
Glucocorticoids may reduce salicylate blood levels
Increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias when used with phenothiazines
May cause additive CNS depression
Glucocorticoids may inhibit hepatic metabolism of cyclophosphamide
May mutually inhibit hepatic metabolism, increasing blood levels of both drugs
Increased risk for arrhythmias secondary to glucocorticoid-induced hypokalemia
Concomitant use with glucocorticoids may cause hypokalemia
May increase metabolism of glucocorticoids
May potentiate the effects of glucocorticoids
Insulin requirements may increase due to glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia
May decrease metabolism of glucocorticoids
May alter steroid metabolism; higher steroid doses may be needed
Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration
Virus replication may be augmented; diminished immune response may occur
May increase phenothiazine plasma levels
May increase the metabolism of glucocorticoids
May increase the metabolism of glucocorticoids
May increase the metabolism of glucocorticoids
監測
- Efficacy (reduction in pruritus or coughing)
- Degree of sedation
- Anticholinergic effects
- Adverse effects associated with corticosteroids (e.g., PU/PD, weight changes, liver enzyme elevations)
過量
Acute overdosage should be handled similarly to phenothiazine (e.g., acepromazine) toxicity. Overdose may cause profound sedation, depression, hypotension, and extrapyramidal signs (tremors, rigidity). Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic. Do not use epinephrine for hypotension as it may cause further vasodilation (epinephrine reversal); use norepinephrine or phenylephrine if pressors are required.
可用產品
劑型
- Tablets
獸醫用
- Trimeprazine Tartrate 5 mg / Prednisolone 2 mg Tablets (Temaril-P®, Vanectyl-P®)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store trimeprazine products at room temperature (15-30°C); protect tablets from light.
飼主須知
- 口渴與排尿增加：您的狗狗可能會喝更多的水，並且需要更頻繁地排尿。請確保牠們隨時有乾淨的飲水，並增加帶牠們外出的次數。
- 食慾增加：這種藥物會讓狗狗變得非常飢餓。請堅持正常的餵食計畫，以防止不必要的體重增加。
- 鎮靜作用：在治療的最初幾天，您可能會注意到狗狗有輕微的嗜睡或精神不振。這是正常現象，但如果情況嚴重請聯繫獸醫。
- 請勿突然停藥：如果您的狗狗已經服用此藥超過幾週，必須在獸醫的指導下緩慢減少劑量。突然停藥可能會導致危及生命的荷爾蒙失調。
- 監測感染跡象：因為此藥物會抑制免疫系統，如果您發現感染跡象、皮膚病變惡化或嚴重的精神不振，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
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