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熊去氧膽酸

Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodiol)

3α,7β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid

肝臟保護劑 / 利膽劑PO狗貓

別名: Ursodiol · Cholurso · Destolit · Ursofalk · Actigall · UDCA

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

10-15 mg/kgPO· q24h or divided q12h· Long-term
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劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Hepatobiliary disease / Cholestasis10-15 mg/kgPOq24h or divided q12hLong-term🌍 EU
  • Hepatobiliary disease / Cholestasis: Administer with food to enhance absorption.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Hepatobiliary disease / Cholangitis10-15 mg/kgPOq24h or divided q12hLong-term🌍 EU
  • Hepatobiliary disease / Cholangitis: Administer with food to enhance absorption.

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概覽

熊去氧膽酸 (UDCA) 是一種親水性膽汁酸，主要用於治療肝膽疾病。它能保護肝細胞免受有毒疏水性膽汁酸的損害，促進膽汁流動（利膽作用），並具有免疫調節和抗細胞凋亡的特性。

​臨床提示：​ 對慢性肝炎、膽管炎和膽囊泥沙非常有效。

​警告：​ 禁忌用於完全性膽道阻塞的病患。

作用機制

UDCA is a hydrophilic bile acid that inhibits ileal absorption of toxic, hydrophobic bile acids → reduces their concentration in the systemic bile acid pool. Hydrophobic bile acids are toxic to hepatobiliary cell membranes and potentiate cholestasis. UDCA also stimulates biliary secretion (choleretic effect), protects hepatocyte membranes from detergent effects, and exerts immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic effects on liver cells.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Complete extrahepatic biliary obstruction
  • Biliary fistulas
  • Severe acute hepatitis
  • Cholecystitis

不良反應

  • Mild gastrointestinal upset (diarrhea, vomiting)
  • Hepatotoxicity (rare, typically only if administered during biliary obstruction)

注意事項

​Do not use in patients with complete extrahepatic biliary obstruction.​

Use with caution in patients with complications of advanced liver disease (e.g., ascites, hepatic encephalopathy).

藥物相互作用

Aluminum-based antacidsModerate

May bind to UDCA in the GI tract, decreasing its absorption and efficacy.

CholestyramineMajor

Binds to UDCA, significantly decreasing its absorption.

ColestipolMajor

Binds to UDCA, significantly decreasing its absorption.

監測

  • Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT)
  • Total bilirubin
  • Serum bile acids
  • Clinical signs of liver disease (jaundice, vomiting, lethargy)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Prolonged (enterohepatic recycling)狗~100 hours (due to extensive enterohepatic recycling)

吸收

Well absorbed from the small intestine (primarily the ileum). Absorption is enhanced when administered with food.

分佈

Extracted by the liver from portal blood and enters the enterohepatic circulation. Very little reaches systemic circulation.

代謝

Conjugated in the liver with glycine or taurine, then secreted into bile.

排除

Excreted primarily in feces. Unabsorbed drug is degraded by colonic bacteria.

過量

Acute overdosage is unlikely to cause severe toxicity but may result in diarrhea. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral: 150 mg tablet
  • Oral: 250 mg tablet
  • Oral: 300 mg tablet
  • Oral: 500 mg tablet
  • Oral: 250 mg capsule
  • Oral: 50 mg/ml suspension

獸醫用

  • Cholurso
  • Ursofalk (often used in veterinary practice)

人用標示

  • Destolit
  • Ursofalk
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid generic tablets/capsules/suspension

各地核准狀態

United States✓ 已核准處方藥FDA/CVM

Approved for human use; used extra-label in veterinary medicine.

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Available as POM (Prescription Only Medicine).

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Available as POM-V.

暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature in tight, light-resistant containers. Keep liquid suspensions well-sealed.

飼主須知

建議與食物一起餵食以促進吸收。請勿與含鋁的制酸劑同時服用。觀察您的寵物是否出現腹瀉或黃疸加重（牙齦或眼睛發黃）的情況。

​如果您的寵物停止進食、反覆嘔吐或變得極度嗜睡，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。​

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