釩 / 硫酸氧釩
Vanadium / Vanadyl Sulfate
Vanadium (IV) sulfate oxide; oxo[sulfato(2-)-O]-vanadium
別名: Super Vanadyl Fuel · Vanadium (IV) sulfate oxide · Vanadium oxysulfate · Oxo[sulfato(2-)-O]-vanadium · Oxysulfato vanadium (IV) · Vanadyl (IV)-sulfate hydrate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment for diabetes mellitus | 1/2 capsule PO once daily with food | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive use in treating feline type 2 diabetes | 0.2 mg/kg PO once daily in food or water | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 mg/kg PO once daily (vanadyl sulfate) OR 0.2 mg/kg PO once daily (vanadium) | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Early NIDDM | One capsule PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment for diabetes mellitus: Using Super Vanadyl Fuel® (Twin Labs; also contains chromium)
- Adjunctive use in treating feline type 2 diabetes: Salt not specified, assume elemental vanadium
- Early NIDDM: Using Vanadyl Fuel® (Twin Labs; also contains chromium)
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
釩（通常以硫酸氧釩形式補充）是一種微量礦物質，因其潛在的類胰島素作用而作為營養補充品受到關注。
- 主要用於貓糖尿病（特別是第2型/非胰島素依賴型糖尿病 [NIDDM]）的輔助治療。
- 雖然其在獸醫學中的療效仍有爭議，但在建議劑量下通常被認為是安全的。
- 不會影響健康動物的血糖數值。
臨床提示： 由於營養補充品不受FDA的純度或效價規範，不同品牌之間的實際元素釩含量可能差異很大。據報導，硫酸氧釩含有31%的元素釩，但標示的釩含量差異甚大。
作用機制
Vanadium acts as an insulin mimetic through complex intracellular signaling mechanisms:
- Inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) → prevents the dephosphorylation (inactivation) of the insulin receptor → prolongs and amplifies insulin signaling.
- Enhances peripheral glucose disposal and uptake into skeletal muscle.
- Reduces hepatic glucose release.
- Because PTP is crucial in signal transduction, vanadium can act via both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent pathways.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Renal insufficiency (use with caution as it may exacerbate the condition)
不良反應
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Renal toxicity (at high dosages)
注意事項
Use with caution in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency, as vanadium supplements could potentially exacerbate the condition. High dosages may have direct renal toxic effects. Bioequivalence between different over-the-counter brands cannot be assumed.
藥物相互作用
May have additive hypoglycemic effects when used concurrently for diabetes management.
監測
- Fasting blood glucose
- Appetite and attitude
- Body condition
- PU/PD resolution
- Serum fructosamine
- Glycosylated hemoglobin levels
- Renal function parameters (BUN, Creatinine, SDMA) due to potential renal toxicity
藥物動力學
吸收
Poorly absorbed orally; only about 5% is absorbed from foodstuffs.
分佈
In vivo, it is converted to the vanadyl cation and forms complexes with ferritin and transferrin. Highest vanadium concentrations are found in the liver, bone, and kidney.
代謝
Inorganic trace element; forms complexes with transport proteins.
排除
Eliminated primarily via renal routes. Effects on glucose in NIDDM humans may persist for weeks after discontinuation of therapy.
過量
Vanadyl sulfate may be mildly toxic. The oral LD50 in rats is 450 mg/kg.
- Acute Overdose: Consider gut removal protocols if an acute overdose occurs. Contact an animal poison control center for further guidance.
- Chronic Overdose: May cause significant kidney damage.
可用產品
劑型
- Tablets
- Capsules
人用標示
- 7.5 mg tablets
- 10 mg tablets
- 15 mg capsules
- Super Vanadyl Fuel® (combination product containing 1.25 mg elemental vanadium and 150 mcg chromium per capsule)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Stable under ordinary conditions. Refer to the label for each specific product used.
飼主須知
- 請隨餐餵食以減少腸胃不適的機會。
- 請勿自行更換品牌，因為這些是營養補充品，不同產品之間的有效成分含量可能差異很大，請務必先諮詢獸醫師。
- 觀察是否有腸胃不適的跡象，如嘔吐或食慾不振。如果您的貓咪最初無法耐受，獸醫師可能會暫時停藥然後再重新開始治療。
- 密切觀察貓咪的飲水量、排尿量以及整體精神狀態，以幫助評估糖尿病是否得到良好控制。
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