維生素A / 異維A酸
Vitamin A
Retinol, Isotretinoin, Tretinoin
別名: Roaccutane · Isotrexin · Vitamin E suspension · Retinol · Isotretinoin · 13-cis retinoic acid · all-trans retinoic acid · Alpha-tocopherol · Tocopheryl acetate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
經審核的非計算證據經審核的非計算證據 (3)
只供證據參考，不會自動計算
[not stated in source table]
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: 1 U/g PO daily × 14 days. Species/Comments: [not stated in source table]. Reference: 52. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
只供證據參考，不會自動計算
African foam-nesting frogs/weight range, 2–7 g; dosing q48h and once weekly significantly increased whole body vitamin A levels over control group and group treated with vitamin A fortified supplement dusted over crickets
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: Dilute 1 : 10 in sterile water; applied as one drop from 18-g needle; estimated as 50 U/frog q48h to q7d. Species/Comments: African foam-nesting frogs/weight range, 2–7 g; dosing q48h and once weekly significantly increased whole body vitamin A levels over control group and group treated with vitamin A fortified supplement dusted over crickets. Reference: 39. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
只供證據參考，不會自動計算
Hypovitaminosis A; given the plethora of organ systems that hypovitaminosis A may affect, it is reasonable to institute vitamin A supplementation of any clinically ill amphibian, particularly ones with signs similar to “short tongue syndrome,” swollen eyelids, evidence of infectious dermatitis, hydrocoelom, or simply “failing to thrive”; the use of mixed dietary carotenoids may also be effective i
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: Dilute 1 : 9 with sterile water; make fresh weekly; apply 1 drop from a tuberculin syringe with 27-g needle to amphibians under 5 g; 1 drop from tuberculin syringe without needle is about 200 U and useful for 15–30 g BW; >30 g, try 1 drop per 10 g BW; topically q24h × 14 days, then q4–7d. Species/Comments: Hypovitaminosis A; given the plethora of organ systems that hypovitaminosis A may affect, it is reasonable to institute vitamin A supplementation of any clinically ill amphibian, particularly ones with signs similar to “short tongue syndrome,” swollen eyelids, evidence of infectious dermatitis, hydrocoelom, or simply “failing to thrive”; the use of mixed dietary carotenoids may also be effective in some species. Reference: 52; 8. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
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概覽
維生素A及其衍生物（如異維A酸和維A酸）是脂溶性維生素/激素，對上皮組織的生長和分化至關重要。在獸醫學中，主要用於治療維生素A缺乏症以及某些皮膚病（如皮脂腺炎）。
警告： 類維生素A具有高度致畸性。獸醫和寵物主人必須極度謹慎，以防止意外接觸，特別是孕婦。
作用機制
Acts as a nutritional fat-soluble hormone that regulates gene expression.
Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) is the acid form of vitamin A, and isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) is an isomer of tretinoin.
Clinical Pearl: They bind to intracellular retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) → modifying gene transcription → regulating epithelial cell growth, differentiation, and sebum production.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Pregnant animals
- Breeding animals
- Patients at high risk for thrombosis
- Neonates
不良反應
- Teratogenicity (fetal malformations)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS / dry eye)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Hypercalcaemia (due to bone calcium loss with prolonged use)
- Skin redness and pigmentation
- Haematological abnormalities
- Nervous system changes
- Bone changes
- Thrombosis
- Anaphylactoid reactions
注意事項
TERATOGENIC WARNING: Gloves should be worn when applying topical preparations. Pregnant women should avoid handling these medications entirely.
- Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes.
- Avoid concurrent use of oral and topical preparations due to cumulative toxicity.
- Do not use formulations of vitamins A, D3, and E authorized for farm animals or horses in small animals, as they are too concentrated and risk severe toxicity.
- Minimize exposure of the drug to sunlight.
藥物相互作用
Oral vitamin A may alter ciclosporin levels; requires close monitoring.
Do not use topical vitamin A preparations simultaneously with other topical drugs.
May enhance vitamin A absorption, utilization, and storage.
監測
- Signs of vitamin A toxicity
- Tear production (Schirmer Tear Test) for KCS
- Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP)
- Serum calcium levels
- Serum triglycerides/lipids
- Ciclosporin levels (if used concurrently)
- Ciclosporin blood levels (if used concurrently)
- Coagulation parameters (in patients at risk for thrombosis)
- Liver enzymes (if treating hepatopathy)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Requires bile and dietary fat for optimal intestinal absorption.
分佈
Widely distributed; stored primarily in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle.
代謝
Metabolized in the liver.
排除
Excreted primarily in feces via bile; a small amount is excreted in urine.
過量
High doses or prolonged use can lead to severe vitamin A toxicity.
Signs of toxicity include:
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Hypercalcaemia (due to promotion of calcium loss from bone)
- Severe skin, haematological, and nervous system abnormalities.
Treatment: Discontinue the drug immediately and provide supportive care. Monitor liver enzymes and serum calcium.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable: 50,000 IU/ml (retinol)
- Oral capsules: 10 mg, 20 mg (isotretinoin)
- Topical gel: 0.05% (isotretinoin)
- Oral suspension: 20 mg/ml
- Oral suspension: 100 mg/ml
- Injectable preparations (often combined with selenium for large animals)
- Nutraceuticals (often combined with SAMe)
獸醫用
- Vitamin E suspension 20 mg/ml (POM-VPS)
- Vitamin E suspension 100 mg/ml (POM-VPS)
- Various nutraceutical combinations (e.g., with SAMe)
人用標示
- Roaccutane (10 mg, 20 mg isotretinoin capsules)
- Isotrex (0.05% isotretinoin gel)
- Isotrexin (0.05% isotretinoin gel)
- Various oral capsules and liquid preparations
各地核准狀態
Classified as POM-VPS in some regions for specific veterinary formulations.
Classified as POM-VPS.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Minimize exposure of the drug to sunlight.
飼主須知
嚴重警告： 此藥物會導致嚴重的出生缺陷。孕婦或備孕女性絕對不能接觸此藥物或寵物塗抹過藥物的皮膚。
- 塗抹外用凝膠時，請務必戴上拋棄式手套。
- 如果您的寵物懷孕或計劃繁殖，請勿使用此藥物。
- 密切觀察寵物的眼睛；此藥物會改變眼淚的脂質成分並導致嚴重的乾眼症。如果您發現寵物瞇眼、眼睛發紅或有濃稠分泌物，請聯繫您的獸醫。
- 將藥物存放在避免陽光直射的地方。
- 除非獸醫指示，否則請勿在同一部位塗抹其他外用藥物。
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