維生素B群
Vitamin B complex
別名: Anivit 4BC · Dupharal · Duphafral Extravite · B-complex vitamins · Multivitamin B
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B deficiency | 1 ml/dog (dogs up to 15 kg); 2-4 ml/dog (dogs >15 kg) | SC/IM/IV | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Vitamin B deficiency: Give IV slowly or diluted in fluids to prevent anaphylaxis.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B deficiency | 1 ml/cat | SC/IM/IV | q24h or as required | — | 🌍 EU |
- Vitamin B deficiency: Give IV slowly or diluted in fluids to prevent anaphylaxis.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
維生素B群是多種水溶性維生素的組合，對各種代謝過程至關重要。主要用於治療或預防多重維生素B缺乏症，這常見於患有腎臟疾病、肝臟疾病或嚴重厭食症的病患。
臨床警告： 腸胃外給予維生素B不能替代全面的營養支持（例如腸道餵食）。
臨床提示： 許多市售的注射產品是為大型動物配製的，可能含有額外的維生素（如維生素C）或礦物質。必須小心確保特定產品對小動物是安全的。
作用機制
B vitamins act as essential cofactors for enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism and biosynthesis. They facilitate energy production, amino acid metabolism, and cellular maintenance.
Key pathways include:
- Thiamine (B1) → Carbohydrate metabolism
- Riboflavin (B2) & Niacin (B3) → Oxidation-reduction reactions (ATP production)
- Pyridoxine (B6) → Amino acid metabolism
- Cobalamin (B12) → Nucleic acid synthesis and red blood cell formation
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation
不良反應
- Anaphylaxis (particularly with rapid IV administration)
- Pain at injection site (IM/SC)
注意事項
Anaphylaxis Risk: Anaphylaxis may be seen when used intravenously. Products should be given slowly and/or diluted with IV fluids.
Toxicity Risk: Use of large animal products which also contain fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) may lead to toxicity in small animals. Always verify the exact composition of the multivitamin preparation.
- All B vitamins are photosensitive and must be protected from light once reconstituted.
- Multidose vials require strict aseptic technique for repeated use.
監測
- Clinical signs of resolution of deficiency (improved appetite, energy)
- Monitor for signs of anaphylaxis during and immediately after IV administration
藥物動力學
吸收
Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (PO) and injection sites (IM, SC).
分佈
Widely distributed to all tissues.
代謝
Hepatic metabolism for some components; generally utilized directly by cells as cofactors.
排除
Excess water-soluble vitamins are rapidly excreted unchanged in the urine.
過量
Water-soluble B vitamins have a wide margin of safety, as excess is readily excreted in the urine. However, toxicity may occur if using large animal multivitamin products that also contain fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable solution
- Tablets
獸醫用
- Anivit 4BC injection
- Dupharal injection
- Duphafral Extravite injection
- Multivitamin injection
- Vitamin B tablets
人用標示
- Various Vitamin B complex tablets and injections
各地核准狀態
Many injectable preparations are authorized for farm animals only, requiring cascade/off-label use in companion animals.
Most parenteral forms are POM-VPS. Authorized for farm animals only; used off-label in dogs and cats.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Photosensitive; must be protected from light once reconstituted. Store according to manufacturer instructions. Multidose vials require aseptic technique for repeated use.
飼主須知
維生素B群有助於為生病、患有腎臟或肝臟疾病或食慾不振的寵物補充必需營養素。
- 不能替代食物： 此藥物不能取代寵物正常飲食的需求。
- 儲存： 如果您在家中給藥，請避光保存。
- 尿液顏色： 您可能會注意到寵物的尿液變成亮黃色；這是正常且無害的。
- 過敏反應： 如果您在給藥後發現寵物面部腫脹、起蕁麻疹或呼吸困難，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
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