維生素B群
維生素B群是多種水溶性維生素的組合，對各種代謝過程至關重要。主要用於治療或預防多重維生素B缺乏症，這常見於患有**腎臟疾病**、**肝臟疾病**或**嚴重厭食症**的病患。 > **臨床警告：** 腸胃外給予維生素B**不能**替代全面的營養支持（例如腸道餵食）。 **臨床提示：** 許多市售的注射產品是為大型動物配製的，可能含有額外的維生素（如維生素C）或礦物質。必須小心確保特定產品對小動物是安全的。
作用機制: B vitamins act as essential **cofactors for enzymes** involved in intermediary metabolism and biosynthesis. They facilitate energy production, amino acid metabolism, and cellular maintenance. Key pathways include: * Thiamine (B1) → Carbohydrate metabolism * Riboflavin (B2) & Niacin (B3) → Oxidation-reduction reactions (ATP production) * Pyridoxine (B6) → Amino acid metabolism * Cobalamin (B12) → Nucleic acid synthesis and red blood cell formation
各物種劑量
- Vitamin B deficiency · 1 ml/dog (dogs up to 15 kg); 2-4 ml/dog (dogs >15 kg) · SC/IM/IV · q24h · Give IV slowly or diluted in fluids to prevent anaphylaxis.
- Vitamin B deficiency · 1 ml/cat · SC/IM/IV · q24h or as required · Give IV slowly or diluted in fluids to prevent anaphylaxis.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation
不良反應
- Anaphylaxis (particularly with rapid IV administration)
- Pain at injection site (IM/SC)
監測
- Clinical signs of resolution of deficiency (improved appetite, energy)
- Monitor for signs of anaphylaxis during and immediately after IV administration
過量
Water-soluble B vitamins have a wide margin of safety, as excess is readily excreted in the urine. However, **toxicity may occur** if using large animal multivitamin products that also contain fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。