育亨賓
Yohimbine
Yohimbine hydrochloride
別名: Yobine · Antagonil · Aphrodyne · Dayto Himbin · Pluriviron mono · Prowess Plain · Urobine · Virigen · Yocon · Yocoral · Yohimex · Yomax · Zumba · aphrodine hydrochloride · chlorhydrate de quebrachine · corynine hydrochloride · Yohydrol
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
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Xylazine reversal; rarely indicated; atipameazole commonly used to reverse all α2 agonists
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Yohimbine (Yobine, Lloyd). Dosage: —. Species/Comments: Xylazine reversal; rarely indicated; atipameazole commonly used to reverse all α2 agonists. Table note: a Medetomidine is no longer commercially available in North America, although it can be obtained from select compounding services; dosages are listed here as a guide for possible use with dexmedetomidine, an α 2 agonist that is the active optical enantiomer of racemic compound medetomidine; dexmedetomidine is generally used at half the dose of medetomidine but the same volume due to higher concentration; both compounds tend to have similar effects..
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概覽
育亨賓是一種吲哚烷基胺生物鹼及特異性α2-腎上腺素受體拮抗劑。在獸醫學中主要用於逆轉α2-致效劑（特別是甲苯噻嗪 xylazine）的鎮靜與心血管作用。此外，它也是雙甲脒 (amitraz) 中毒的有效解毒劑，甚至可在使用雙甲脒前作為預防。雖然現代臨床上逆轉右美托咪啶 (dexmedetomidine) 多改用阿替美唑 (atipamezole)，育亨賓仍是重要的急救與逆轉藥物。
作用機制
Yohimbine competitively blocks central and peripheral presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors.
- Mechanism: By blocking these autoreceptors, yohimbine prevents the negative feedback loop that normally inhibits neurotransmitter release → increases synaptic norepinephrine release → enhances sympathetic outflow.
- Systemic Effects: This surge in sympathetic tone results in increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, CNS stimulation, and antidiuresis, effectively counteracting the profound sedation, bradycardia, and hypotension induced by alpha-2 agonists.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to yohimbine
- Renal disease (extrapolated from human medicine)
- Patients with active seizure disorders
不良反應
- Transient apprehension or anxiety
- CNS excitement
- Muscle tremors
- Hypersalivation
- Increased respiratory rate (panting)
- Hyperemic (red) mucous membranes
- Tachycardia
注意事項
Seizure Disorders: Use with extreme caution as yohimbine can lower the seizure threshold and induce tremors or convulsions. Renal Impairment: Contraindicated in humans with renal disease; use cautiously in veterinary patients with compromised kidney function.
Important Clinical Pearl - Analgesia Loss: Reversing xylazine or other alpha-2 agonists will simultaneously remove any provided analgesia. Normal pain perception will return immediately. Ensure alternative pain management (e.g., opioids, NSAIDs) is on board before administration if the patient underwent a painful procedure.
藥物相互作用
May cause severe hypertension; concurrent use is not recommended.
Additive antagonistic effects; use with caution.
Additive CNS stimulation and increased risk of seizures or severe agitation.
監測
- CNS status (arousal level, signs of excitement or apprehension)
- Cardiac rate and rhythm
- Blood pressure (if indicated and practical)
- Respiratory rate and effort
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapid onset of action; when used to reverse xylazine IV, onset generally occurs within 3 minutes.
分佈
Readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. Apparent volume of distribution (steady-state) is approximately 5 L/kg in steers, 2-5 L/kg in horses, and 4.5 L/kg in dogs.
代謝
The specific metabolic fate of yohimbine is currently unknown.
排除
Total body clearance is approximately 70 mL/min/kg in steers, 35 mL/min/kg in horses, and 30 mL/min/kg in dogs.
過量
Overdoses can cause significant CNS and cardiovascular overstimulation.
- Experimental Data: Dogs receiving 0.55 mg/kg (5 times the recommended dose) exhibited clinical signs of transient seizures and muscle tremors.
- Clinical Reports (APCC): Reported findings in dogs include diarrhea, disorientation, hyperactivity, panting, tachycardia, and hypersalivation.
- Treatment: Primarily supportive and symptomatic. Avoid further CNS stimulation and manage seizures if they occur.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection: 2 mg/mL sterile solution
- Oral tablets: 5.4 mg (Human-labeled)
獸醫用
- Yohimbine Sterile Solution for Injection: 2 mg/mL in 20 mL vials (Yobine®)
人用標示
- Oral tablets: 5.4 mg
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store injection at room temperature (15-30°C) and protect from light and heat.
飼主須知
此藥物僅限在獸醫師的直接監督下於診所或醫院環境中使用。
- 用途： 用於在給予特定鎮靜藥物（如甲苯噻嗪）後迅速喚醒寵物，或治療含有雙甲脒的除蟲藥浴/項圈所引起的中毒。
- 預期反應： 您的寵物可能會非常突然地醒來。在藥物發揮作用時，短暫的焦慮、喘氣、流口水或肌肉顫抖是正常的，通常會很快消退。
- 疼痛管理： 因為此藥物會逆轉鎮靜效果，同時也會消除止痛作用。如果您的寵物接受了外科手術，獸醫師會確保給予其他的止痛藥物。
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