鋅 (醋酸鋅、硫酸鋅、葡萄糖酸鋅)
Zinc (Acetate, Sulfate, Gluconate)
Zinc acetate, Zinc sulfate, Zinc gluconate
別名: Galzin · Zinca-Pak · Various trade names · E650 · zinci acetas dihydricus · zinc sulphate · zinci sulfas · zincum sulfuricum · zinc methionine · Zinc sulfate · Zinc gluconate · Zinc acetate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
結構化劑量計算證據Primary copper hepatopathy (extra-label)
- q12-24h
NA
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (1)
- NOTE: Zinc products may be labeled with concentrations expressed as salt OR as elemental zinc. Assume the labeled concentration per tablet or capsule is elemental zinc unless the labeled ingredients and concentrations state otherwise. Dosages below are for elemental zinc unless otherwise noted.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
鋅是一種必需的微量元素和營養劑，對於體內超過200種金屬酶的功能至關重要。它在維持細胞膜和核酸的結構完整性方面扮演重要角色，並且是細胞生長、免疫反應、傷口癒合和視覺所必需的。
在獸醫學中，鋅主要用於：
- 鋅反應性皮膚病：
- 第一型：主要見於北方犬種（如西伯利亞哈士奇、阿拉斯加雪橇犬）的鋅吸收遺傳缺陷。
- 第二型：發生於生長快速的大型幼犬，因餵食高植酸或高鈣飲食，結合了飲食中的鋅並阻礙其吸收。
- 肝銅中毒症：用於易感犬種（如貝林登梗、西高地白梗、拉布拉多犬），以阻斷腸道對銅的吸收。
- 肝纖維化與脂肪肝：作為輔助性保肝和抗纖維化藥物。
臨床要點：在計算劑量時，區分元素鋅 (elemental zinc)和鋅鹽 (zinc salts)至關重要。例如，硫酸鋅含有23%的元素鋅，而葡萄糖酸鋅僅含14.3%。請務必確認劑量方案所指的具體形式。
作用機制
Zinc acts as a critical cofactor for numerous metalloenzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, alcohol dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, and RNA polymerase.
Mechanism in Copper Toxicosis: When administered orally in large doses, zinc induces the synthesis of metallothionein in intestinal enterocytes. Metallothionein is a cysteine-rich protein that has a much higher binding affinity for copper than for zinc. Dietary zinc → Induces enterocyte metallothionein → Binds dietary and biliary copper → Traps copper within the enterocyte → Enterocyte is sloughed into the feces (normal turnover) → Negative copper balance.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Patients with pre-existing copper deficiency
- Patients with copper deficiency
不良反應
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (vomiting, nausea, anorexia)
- Hematologic abnormalities (hemolytic anemia, particularly at serum levels >1000 mcg/dL)
- Hypotension (with overdose)
- Jaundice (with overdose)
- Pulmonary edema (with overdose)
- Diarrhoea
- Haemolysis (at high doses)
注意事項
Zinc supplementation should be carefully considered before administering to patients with copper deficiency. When dosing, do not confuse the concentrations of zinc salts with elemental zinc. Zinc overdoses (e.g., ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982) can be highly toxic and potentially fatal, causing severe hemolytic anemia.
藥物相互作用
Large doses of zinc inhibit copper absorption in the intestine; separate supplements by at least 2 hours.
Zinc salts may reduce the oral absorption of fluoroquinolones.
May potentially inhibit zinc absorption; clinical significance is not clear.
Zinc salts may chelate oral tetracycline and reduce its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
May potentially inhibit zinc absorption; clinical significance is not clear.
Long-term administration of zinc may lead to decreased iron stores and functional deficiency
May potentially inhibit zinc absorption
Zinc salts may reduce the absorption of fluoroquinolone antibiotics
監測
- Serum zinc levels (Target 200-500 mcg/dL for copper toxicosis; do not exceed 1000 mcg/dL)
- Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, anorexia)
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) to monitor for hemolysis/anemia
- Clinical response (resolution of dermatosis or hepatic signs)
- Serum copper levels
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) / PCV to monitor for haemolysis
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
About 20-30% of dietary zinc is absorbed, principally from the duodenum and ileum. Bioavailability is dependent upon the food in which it is present. Phytates can chelate zinc and form insoluble complexes in an alkaline pH.
分佈
Stored mostly in red and white blood cells, but is also found in the muscle, skin, bone, retina, pancreas, liver, kidney, and prostate.
代謝
Required by over 200 metalloenzymes for proper function.
排除
Primarily via the feces, but some is also excreted by the kidneys and in sweat. Zinc found in feces may be reabsorbed in the colon.
過量
Signs associated with overdoses of zinc in mammals include hemolytic anemia, hypotension, jaundice, vomiting, and pulmonary edema.
Toxicity Alert: Ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982 is a common cause of severe zinc toxicosis in dogs, as these coins are 97.5% zinc.
Treatment in Mammals:
- Remove the source (e.g., endoscopic or surgical removal of coins).
- Dilution with milk or water.
- Chelation therapy using edetate calcium disodium (Calcium EDTA).
Avian Toxicity: Zinc intoxication in birds is relatively common (often from cage wire or hardware). Clinical signs are varied and nonspecific: lethargy, anorexia, regurgitation, polyuria, polydipsia, hematuria, hematochezia, pallor, dark or bright green diarrhea, foul-smelling feces, paresis, seizures, and sudden death. Treatment involves removing the source, chelation therapy (Calcium EDTA or succimer), and supportive care.
可用產品
劑型
- Capsules
- Tablets
- Injection
- Topical ophthalmic preparations
- Oral tablet
- Oral capsule
- Oral liquid
- Chelated preparations
獸醫用
- None as single-ingredient products for systemic use; several vitamin/mineral supplements contain zinc.
- Various zinc sulphate preparations
- Various zinc gluconate preparations
- Various zinc acetate preparations
- Chelated zinc preparations
人用標示
- Zinc Acetate Capsules: 25 mg & 50 mg (Galzin)
- Zinc Injection: 1 mg/mL & 5 mg/mL (Zinca-Pak)
- Zinc Gluconate Tablets: 10 mg, 15 mg & 50 mg
- Various zinc supplements (sulphate, gluconate, acetate)
各地核准狀態
Available as POM, P, and general sale depending on formulation.
Available as POM, P, and general sale depending on formulation.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store zinc acetate crystals and zinc sulfate products in tight containers at room temperature unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer.
飼主須知
給寵物餵食鋅的注意事項
- 空腹服用最佳：鋅在空腹時（飯前1小時或飯後2小時）吸收效果最好。
- 處理噁心症狀：鋅對胃部有較強的刺激性。如果您的寵物服藥後嘔吐，可以將膠囊內容物藏在少量氣味濃郁的食物中，例如漢堡肉丸或一湯匙鮪魚（油漬）。
- 避免與特定食物混合：請勿將鋅與乳製品或高纖維食物一起餵食，因為這會阻礙鋅的吸收。
重要安全警告
- 硬幣中毒：請將零錢遠離您的寵物！1982年後鑄造的美國一分錢硬幣幾乎完全由鋅製成。狗吞下哪怕一兩枚硬幣，都可能引發嚴重的、危及生命的貧血。
- 嚴格遵照指示：「元素鋅」和「鋅鹽」（如硫酸鋅）之間有很大的區別。請務必使用獸醫處方的確切產品和劑量，以避免意外過量。
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