唑拉西泮與替來他明
Zolazepam and Tiletamine
Zolazepam / Tiletamine
別名: Zoletil · Telazol · Tiletamine/Zolazepam · Zolazepam hydrochloride and Tiletamine hydrochloride
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General anaesthesia | 5-10 mg/kg | IV | single dose | Duration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes | 🌍 EU |
| General anaesthesia | 7-25 mg/kg | IM | single dose | Duration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes | 🌍 EU |
- General anaesthesia: Dose refers to the combined tiletamine/zolazepam (100 mg/ml). Adjust depending on degree of pain expected and depth required.
- General anaesthesia: Dose refers to the combined tiletamine/zolazepam (100 mg/ml). Adjust depending on degree of pain expected and depth required.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General anaesthesia | 5-7.5 mg/kg | IV | single dose | Duration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes | 🌍 EU |
| General anaesthesia | 10-15 mg/kg | IM | single dose | Duration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes | 🌍 EU |
- General anaesthesia: Dose refers to the combined tiletamine/zolazepam (100 mg/ml). Adjust depending on degree of pain expected and depth required.
- General anaesthesia: Dose refers to the combined tiletamine/zolazepam (100 mg/ml). Adjust depending on degree of pain expected and depth required.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
唑拉西泮/替來他明（常見商品名為 Zoletil 舒泰或 Telazol）是獸醫學中廣泛用於犬貓全身麻醉的複方注射麻醉劑。它結合了解離性麻醉劑（替來他明）與苯二氮平類藥物（唑拉西泮），在提供麻醉的同時產生肌肉鬆弛效果。
臨床警告： 此複方產品不應作為疼痛手術的唯一麻醉劑。它缺乏足夠的內臟鎮痛效果，必須與適當的鎮痛藥（如鴉片類藥物、非類固醇消炎藥）合併使用。
臨床提示： 從此藥物組合中甦醒的時間可能較長（2-6小時），且有時過程會較為躁動或不平穩，特別是在給予高劑量的犬隻。術前給藥（例如使用 alpha-2 作用劑或吩噻嗪類藥物，但需注意藥物交互作用）通常能使甦醒過程更平穩。貓的甦醒時間通常比狗更長。
作用機制
The drug is a 1:1 combination of two active principles with complementary mechanisms:
- Zolazepam: A benzodiazepine that enhances the activity of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) → the major inhibitory neurotransmitter within the CNS. This provides sedative, anxiolytic, and muscle-relaxing actions, counteracting the muscle rigidity typically caused by dissociative agents.
- Tiletamine: A dissociative anesthetic (pharmacologically similar to ketamine) that antagonizes NMDA (glutamic acid) receptors → depresses certain cerebral regions (thalamus and cortex) while the limbic system remains active, generating a state of dissociative anesthesia.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Severe cardiac disease
- Severe respiratory disease
- Hypertensive disease
- Renal insufficiency
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Hepatic insufficiency
- Head trauma or intracranial tumours
- Pregnancy (crosses the placenta and causes fatal respiratory depression in neonates)
不良反應
- Excessive salivation (ptyalism)
- Muscle rigidity during recovery
- Prolonged and excitable recovery (especially in dogs at higher doses)
- Pain on intramuscular injection (particularly in cats)
- Respiratory depression (can be fatal in neonates)
- Hypothermia
注意事項
Human Safety Warning: Pregnant women should avoid handling the product.
- Recovery Environment: Following anesthesia, return to normal is progressive (2-6 hours). Animals must be kept in a calm, quiet environment. Avoid excessive noise and light.
- Patient Factors: Recovery may be significantly delayed in obese, old, or debilitated animals.
- Parasite Collars: Remove any antiparasitic collar 24 hours before anesthesia.
- Secretions: Excessive salivation can occur; consider administration of an anticholinergic (e.g., atropine or glycopyrrolate) to control this.
藥物相互作用
Increased cardiorespiratory depression and increased hypothermic effect during the last phase of anesthesia.
Slows down the elimination of the anesthetics if used during the pre- or intraoperative period.
監測
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Respiratory rate and depth
- Body temperature (monitor closely for hypothermia)
- Depth of anesthesia (jaw tone, palpebral reflex)
- Quality of recovery (monitor for excitation or rigidity)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly absorbed following intramuscular injection.
分佈
Widely distributed; crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta.
代謝
Hepatic metabolism. Elimination of the anesthetics is slowed by concurrent use of chloramphenicol.
排除
Excreted primarily via the kidneys.
過量
Overdosage increases the risk of severe cardiorespiratory depression, prolonged anesthesia, and highly excitable or rough recoveries. Treatment is supportive, including mechanical ventilation if respiratory failure occurs, thermal support for hypothermia, and potentially benzodiazepine antagonists (flumazenil) for the zolazepam component, though this leaves the tiletamine unopposed.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable powder for reconstitution: 50 mg/ml zolazepam + 50 mg/ml tiletamine (100 mg/ml total combined active ingredients)
獸醫用
- Zoletil 100 (50 mg/ml zolazepam + 50 mg/ml tiletamine powder for reconstitution)
各地核准狀態
Marketed as Telazol in the US.
Marketed as Zoletil. POM-V classification.
POM-V. Subject to safe custody requirements.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store the un-reconstituted powder according to manufacturer instructions (usually room temperature). Once reconstituted, the solution should be stored in a refrigerator and used within the timeframe specified by the manufacturer (typically a few days).
飼主須知
此藥物是獸醫師為您的寵物進行手術或處置時使用的麻醉劑。
- 居家恢復： 您的寵物回家後可能會有幾個小時感到昏沉、步態不穩或嗜睡。請將牠們安置在溫暖、安靜且光線昏暗的房間內，遠離樓梯、其他寵物和兒童。
- 行為改變： 隨著藥效消退，有些寵物（尤其是狗）可能會發出嗚咽聲、吠叫或顯得焦躁不安。這是恢復過程中的正常現象，但如果情況似乎過於嚴重，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
- 餵食： 由於吞嚥反射可能會暫時受損，請遵循獸醫師關於何時提供食物和水的具體指示。
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