乙醯甘露聚糖
Acemannan
Polydispersed beta-(1,4)-acetylated polymannose
別名: Acemannan Immunostimulant · CarraVet · Aloe vera extract · Polymannose
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma | Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. | IP / Intralesional | weekly | minimum of 6 treatments | 🌎 NA |
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma: Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma | Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. | IP / Intralesional | weekly | minimum of 6 treatments | 🌎 NA |
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma: Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
乙醯甘露聚糖是一種源自蘆薈 (Aloe vera) 的水溶性複合碳水化合物聚合物。在獸醫學中，主要作為非特異性免疫刺激劑使用。
- 標示用途： 輔助治療與臨床管理犬貓的纖維肉瘤。
- 仿單外/試驗性用途： 曾嘗試用於貓的病毒感染（FeLV、FIV、FIP）及犬的乳突瘤。
- 臨床爭議： 由於缺乏強而有力的對照臨床研究支持其療效，其全身性使用在獸醫界仍具爭議。
- 局部使用： 市面上有局部外用劑型，可能具有縮短傷口癒合時間的潛力。
作用機轉
Acemannan functions as a non-specific immune system modulator.
- Cytokine Induction: Induces increases in key pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, specifically Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interferon, and Interleukin-1 (IL-1).
- Cellular Response: → Leads to increased lymphocytic infiltration and accumulation at injection sites, promoting a localized immune response against tumor cells or pathogens.
- Antiviral Activity: Has demonstrated the ability to suppress HIV replication in tissue cultures, though in vivo antiviral efficacy in veterinary species remains unproven.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Patients with demonstrated past severe hypersensitivity reactions to acemannan
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Localized necrosis at injection sites
- Hyperactivity
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Hypotension
- Salivation (with IV bolus)
- Weakness and collapse (with IV bolus)
- Tachycardia and tachypnea (with IV bolus)
- Prolonged pain or bleeding at intralesional injection sites
- Monocyte infiltrates on peritoneal surfaces, liver, lung, and spleen (with IP injection)
- Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting (with high-dose IP injection)
注意事項
Important Warning: Bolus IV administration can cause severe systemic reactions including salivation, weakness, collapse, hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea.
- Intraperitoneal (IP) Use: Can cause monocyte infiltrates on peritoneal surfaces and abdominal organs, potentially leading to abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea at high doses.
- Pregnancy/Nursing: Safety has not been established in pregnant or nursing animals, though its chemical nature suggests it is unlikely to be a teratogen.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (tumor delineation, necrosis, or reduction)
- Adverse effects (especially localized injection site reactions, hypersensitivity, or systemic signs if given IV/IP)
過量
Acemannan appears to have a wide margin of safety regarding acute toxicity.
- Dogs (IP): Single IP injections of 50 mg/kg resulted in no significant signs of toxicity.
- Dogs (Oral): Acemannan fed orally at rates of up to 1.5 g/kg/day for 90 days showed no significant adverse effects.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection: 10 mg vial (with 10 mL sterile saline diluent)
- Topical wound dressing
- Topical cleansing foam
獸醫用
- Acemannan Immunostimulant® (VPL): 10 mg vial with 10 mL vial of diluent (sterile saline)
- CarraVet® (VPL): Topical wound dressing and cleansing foam
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at temperatures less than 35°C (95°F); protect from extremes of heat or light. Reconstituted injectable solutions must be used within 4 hours after rehydration.
飼主須知
僅限獸醫使用： 本化合物建議僅由獸醫專業人員進行投藥。
- 試驗性質： 飼主應了解全身性使用乙醯甘露聚糖（特別是用於仿單外的病毒治療）具有「試驗性」性質。
- 潛在不良反應： 可能會出現副作用，包括注射部位疼痛或腫脹、嗜睡或腸胃不適。若發現寵物出現嚴重的嗜睡、虛脫或呼吸困難，請立即聯絡獸醫師。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。