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乙醯胺酚 / 撲熱息痛

Acetaminophen

N-acetyl-p-aminophenol

鎮痛劑，解熱劑PO狗小型哺乳類

別名: Tylenol · Paracetamol · MAPAP · N-acetyl-p-aminophenol

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

15 mg/kg PO q8hPO· q8h
— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Analgesic15 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
Analgesic10 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
Analgesic10-15 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h5 days🌎 NA
Treatment of degenerative myelopathy (in German Shepherds)5 mg/kg PO (not to exceed 20 mg/kg per day)PODaily—🌎 NA

小型哺乳類

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Analgesic (Rabbits)1-2 mg/mL in drinking waterPOAd libitum—🌎 NA
Analgesic (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas)1-2 mg/mL in drinking waterPOAd libitum—🌎 NA
  • Analgesic (Rabbits): Using Children's Tylenol. Effective for controlling low-grade nociception.

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

乙醯胺酚（撲熱息痛）是一種合成的非鴉片類鎮痛解熱劑。

​臨床要點與獸醫背景：​

  • 由於缺乏葡萄糖醛酸轉移酶，導致有毒代謝物NAPQI積聚，​對貓和雪貂具有極高毒性​（任何劑量皆然）。
  • 偶爾用於狗和小型哺乳動物以緩解輕至中度疼痛，特別是在禁用非類固醇消炎藥（NSAIDs）的情況下（例如腎功能不全）。
  • 在臨床劑量下缺乏顯著的周邊抗發炎活性，且不抑制血小板功能。
  • 常與鴉片類藥物（如可待因、氫可酮）製成複方以產生協同鎮痛效果。

作用機轉

Produces analgesia and antipyresis via weak, reversible, isoform-nonspecific inhibition of ​cyclooxygenase (COX-3 / COX-1-v1)​ in the central nervous system.

​Mechanism Pathway:​ Inhibition of central COX enzymes → decreased prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS → elevation of the pain threshold and alteration of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center → analgesia and antipyresis.

​Note: It lacks significant peripheral COX-1 or COX-2 inhibition, which explains its lack of anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet effects.​

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Cats (at any dosage)
  • Ferrets
  • Sugar Gliders
  • Hedgehogs

不良反應

  • Methemoglobinemia (especially in cats and dogs at high doses)
  • Hepatotoxicity (liver necrosis)
  • Renal effects
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances
  • Facial and paw swelling (edema)
  • Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
  • Cyanosis
  • Hypothermia

注意事項

​WARNINGS:​

  • ​ABSOLUTELY CONTRAINDICATED IN CATS AND FERRETS.​ Severe methemoglobinemia, hematuria, icterus, and death can occur.
  • Dogs do not metabolize acetaminophen as well as humans; use judiciously to avoid methemoglobinemia and hepatotoxicity.
  • Not recommended during the immediate post-operative phase (first 24 hours) in dogs due to increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
  • Use cautiously in pregnant animals (FDA Category B in humans, Papich Class C in veterinary).

藥物交互作用

Other Analgesics

Chronic use with acetaminophen may lead to renal pathologies

Barbiturates

Increased conversion of acetaminophen to hepatotoxic metabolites; potentially increased risk for hepatotoxicity

Doxorubicin

May deplete hepatic glutathione, thereby leading to increased hepatic toxicity

Halothane

Not recommended for postoperative analgesia in animals that received halothane anesthesia

Isoniazid

Possible increased risk of hepatotoxicity

Phenothiazines

Possible increased risk for hypothermia

Propylene Glycol

May increase the severity of acetaminophen-induced methemoglobinemia or Heinz body formation

Warfarin

Large doses may potentiate anticoagulant effects

監測

  • Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP)
  • Renal function (BUN, Creatinine)
  • Hematologic parameters (CBC for methemoglobinemia or Heinz bodies)
  • Clinical signs of toxicity (edema, cyanosis, lethargy)

藥物動力學

吸收

In humans, rapidly and nearly completely absorbed from the gut.

分佈

Rapidly distributed into most tissues. Approximately 25% is plasma protein bound. Excreted in milk in low concentrations.

代謝

Dogs exhibit dose-dependent (saturable) metabolism. Cats are unable to significantly glucuronidate acetaminophen, leading to the formation of toxic metabolites (NAPQI).

排除

Primarily hepatic metabolism followed by renal excretion of metabolites.

過量

​Acute Toxicity & Overdose:​

  • ​Clinical Signs:​ Methemoglobinemia (brown blood/mucous membranes), liver necrosis, renal effects, facial and paw swelling, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), vomiting, lethargy, cyanosis, hypothermia.
  • ​Species Differences:​ Liver effects are more common in dogs; facial/paw swelling and methemoglobinemia are more common in cats.
  • ​Treatment:​ Standard gut emptying techniques (emesis/lavage) and activated charcoal if recent. Administer ​acetylcysteine (NAC)​ as a glutathione precursor to bind toxic metabolites. Supportive care includes ​s-adenosyl methionine (SAMe)​, oxygen therapy, IV fluids, and blood transfusions or methylene blue for severe methemoglobinemia.

可用產品

劑型

  • chewable tablets
  • extended release tablets
  • caplets
  • gelcaps
  • sprinkle capsules
  • drops
  • elixirs
  • liquids
  • solutions
  • suppositories

獸醫用

  • None

人用標示

  • Acetaminophen Tablets: 325 mg, 500 mg, 650 mg
  • Chewable Tablets: 80 mg
  • Extended Release Tablets: 650 mg
  • Caplets: 160 mg, 500 mg, 650 mg
  • Gelcaps: 500 mg
  • Capsules: 325 mg, 500 mg
  • Sprinkle Capsules: 80 mg, 160 mg
  • Drops: 80 mg/0.8 mL
  • Elixirs: 80 mg/2.5 mL, 80 mg/5 mL, 120 mg/5 mL, 160 mg/5 mL
  • Liquids/Solutions: 160 mg/5 mL, 500 mg/15 mL, 100 mg/mL
  • Suppositories: 80 mg, 120 mg, 125 mg, 300 mg, 325 mg, 650 mg

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at temperatures less than 40°C. Do not freeze oral solutions or suspensions.

飼主須知

​嚴重警告：​ 絕對不可將此藥物給予貓或雪貂。它對這些物種具有極高毒性，通常會致命。

  • ​對於狗：​ 請嚴格遵循獸醫的指示。切勿超過處方劑量或增加給藥頻率，因為過量會導致嚴重的肝臟損傷。
  • 請將所有藥物嚴格存放在兒童和寵物接觸不到的地方。
  • 如果您發現寵物出現嘔吐、嗜睡、臉部或爪子腫脹，或牙齦變暗/變色，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。

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