阿苯達唑
Albendazole
Albendazolum
別名: Valbazen · Albenza · Albendazolum · SKF-62979
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filaroides hirthi infections | 50 mg/kg q12h PO for 5 days; repeat in 21 days. | PO | q12h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Filaroides hirthi or Oslerus osleri infections | 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 5 days; may repeat in 2 weeks | PO | q12h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Filaroides osleri (Oslerus osleri) infections | 9.5 mg/kg for 55 days or 25 mg/kg PO twice daily for 5 days. Repeat therapy in 2 weeks. | PO | q12h | 5 or 55 days | 🌎 NA |
| Capillaria plica | 50 mg/kg q12h for 10-14 days. | PO | q12h | 10-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Paragonimus kellicotti | 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days | PO | q12h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Giardia | 25 mg/kg PO twice daily for 5 days | PO | q12h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Giardia | 25 mg/kg PO twice daily for 2-5 days | PO | q12h | 2-5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Leishmaniasis | 10 mg/kg PO once daily for 30 days or 5 mg/kg PO q6h for 60 days | PO | q24h or q6h | 30 or 60 days | 🌎 NA |
- Filaroides hirthi infections: Clinical signs may suddenly worsen during therapy, presumably due to a reaction to worm death.
- Capillaria plica: May cause anorexia.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paragonimus kellicotti | 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days | PO | q12h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Giardia | 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 3-5 days | PO | q12h | 3-5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Liver flukes (Platynosum or Opisthorchiidae families) | 50 mg/kg PO once daily until ova are gone | PO | q24h | Until ova are gone | 🌎 NA |
- Giardia: May cause bone marrow suppression in dogs and cats.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Encephalitozoon phacoclastic uveitis in Rabbits | 30 mg/kg PO once daily for 30 days, then 15 mg/kg PO once daily for 30 days | PO | q24h | 60 days total | 🌎 NA |
| E. cuniculi in Rabbits | 20 mg/kg PO once daily for 10 days. | PO | q24h | 10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Giardia in Chinchillas | 50-100 mg/kg PO once a day for 3 days | PO | q24h | 3 days | 🌎 NA |
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flagellate parasites and tapeworms in Ratites | 1 mL/22 kg of body weight twice daily for 3 days; repeat in 2 weeks. | PO | q12h | 3 days | 🌎 NA |
- Flagellate parasites and tapeworms in Ratites: Using the suspension.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible parasites | 10 mg/kg PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adult liver flukes | 7.5 mg/kg PO; 15 mg/kg PO for adult liver flukes | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adult liver flukes | 10 mg/kg PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Gastrointestinal cestodes | 10 mg/kg PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adult liver flukes: Best used in fall when the majority are adults (little or no efficacy against immature forms). A second treatment in winter may be beneficial.
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible parasites | 5-10 mg/kg PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible parasites | 7.5 mg/kg PO (0.75 mL of the suspension per 25 lb. body weight). | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adult liver flukes | 7.5 mg/kg PO; 15 mg/kg PO for adult liver flukes | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adult liver flukes | 7.6 mg/kg | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Nematodes | 3 mL of suspension per 100 lbs of body weight PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible parasites | 7.5 mg/kg PO (0.75 mL of the suspension per 25 lb. body weight). | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adult liver flukes | 7.5 mg/kg PO; 15 mg/kg PO for adult liver flukes | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
阿苯達唑（Albendazole）是一種廣效性苯並咪唑類抗寄生蟲藥，在獸醫學中用於治療多種體內寄生蟲，包括線蟲（圓蟲）、絛蟲、吸蟲以及某些原蟲（如梨形鞭毛蟲）。
- 經濟動物用途：FDA 核准用於牛和羊（懸浮液劑型）的多種內寄生蟲感染。
- 小動物用途：標示外使用於特定感染（如肺吸蟲、肺線蟲、梨形鞭毛蟲）。然而，由於有引發骨髓毒性（再生不良性貧血）和肝功能障礙的風險，其在犬貓的使用已大幅減少。小動物通常更傾向使用較安全的替代藥物（如芬苯達唑）。
- 特寵用途：標示外使用於小型哺乳動物、鳥類和爬蟲類，但已在某些物種（如鴿子、斑鳩和羊駝幼畜）中觀察到毒性。
作用機轉
Albendazole exerts its antiparasitic effects by binding selectively to parasite β-tubulin → prevents tubulin polymerization → inhibits microtubule formation.
- This disruption halts intracellular microtubular transport systems and cell division.
- At higher concentrations, it disrupts metabolic pathways by inhibiting key enzymes like malate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase → impairs glucose uptake and ATP production → leads to parasite starvation and death.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hepatic failure
- Early pregnancy (teratogenic/embryotoxic)
- Lactating dairy cattle (of breeding age)
- Pigeons and doves (susceptible to toxicity)
- Alpaca crias (high risk of fatal neutropenia and sepsis)
不良反應
- Anorexia
- Lethargy and depression
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Hepatic dysfunction
- Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, neutropenia)
注意事項
Pregnancy Warning: Teratogenic and embryotoxic in early pregnancy. Do not administer to female cattle during the first 45 days of pregnancy or for 45 days after removal of bulls. In sheep, do not administer during the first 30 days of pregnancy or for 30 days after removal of rams.
- Bone Marrow Suppression: Has been implicated in causing aplastic anemia in dogs, cats, and humans. Use with extreme caution in small animals.
- Species Sensitivities: Pigeons, doves, and alpaca crias are highly susceptible to toxicity (intestinal crypt epithelial necrosis, bone marrow hypoplasia, fatal neutropenia).
- Hepatic/Hematologic Disease: Use with caution in patients with pre-existing liver or hematologic diseases.
藥物交互作用
Increased albendazole levels in bile and cystic fluid
May increase albendazole serum levels
May increase albendazole serum levels
監測
- Clinical efficacy (fecal exams)
- Adverse effects (especially if used in non-FDA-approved species or at high dosages)
- CBCs and liver enzymes (q4-6 weeks) if treating long-term (>1 month)
藥物動力學
吸收
Thought to be better absorbed orally than other benzimidazoles. In sheep, the parent compound is either not detectable or only transiently detectable in plasma due to a very rapid first-pass effect.
分佈
Reaches bile and cystic fluid.
代謝
Rapidly metabolized via first-pass effect into active metabolites: albendazole sulphoxide and albendazole sulfone. In sheep, these reach peak plasma concentrations 20 hours after dosing.
排除
Approximately 47% of an oral dose is recovered (as metabolites) in the urine over a 9-day period.
過量
Albendazole has a relatively wide margin of safety in ruminants, but massive overdoses are fatal.
- Cattle: Doses of 300 mg/kg (30X recommended) have caused death. Doses of 45 mg/kg (4.5X recommended) did not cause adverse effects.
- Sheep: Doses of 200 mg/kg (20X recommended) have caused death.
- Cats: Receiving 100 mg/kg/day for 14-21 days showed signs of weight loss, neutropenia, and mental dullness.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral suspension
- Oral paste
- Oral tablets
獸醫用
- Albendazole Suspension: 113.6 mg/mL (11.36%) in 500 mL, 1 liter, 5 liters; Valbazen Suspension
- Albendazole Paste: 30% in 205 g (7.2 oz); Valbazen
人用標示
- Albendazole Oral Tablets: 200 mg; Albenza
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store suspension and paste at controlled room temperature (15-30°C); protect from freezing. Shake suspension well before using.
飼主須知
重要提示：請嚴格按照獸醫的指示給藥。
- 給藥方式：在量取劑量前，請將口服懸浮液充分搖勻。
- 懷孕警告：除非獸醫明確指示，否則請勿用於懷孕動物，因為它可能導致嚴重的先天性缺陷。
- 注意事項：如果您的寵物出現嘔吐、嚴重腹瀉、極度嗜睡，或牙齦、皮膚、眼白出現泛黃（黃疸）的現象，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
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