氫氧化鋁
氫氧化鋁是一種口服化合物，在獸醫學中主要作為**腸道磷結合劑**，用於控制**慢性腎病 (CKD)** 患畜的高血磷症。 * 它也可用作**胃部制酸劑**，以治療或預防胃腸道潰瘍。 * > **臨床要點：** 雖然市面上有供人類使用的液體制酸劑（如薄荷口味的懸浮液），但犬貓通常極度排斥其味道。配製的乾燥粉末幾乎無味，混入罐頭食品中餵食會容易得多。
作用機制: * **Phosphate Binding:** In the gastrointestinal tract, **aluminum** binds to dietary **phosphate** → forms insoluble **aluminum phosphate** → excreted in the feces. This prevents the systemic absorption of phosphorus, thereby lowering serum phosphorus levels. * **Antacid:** Neutralizes gastric hydrochloric acid → increases gastric pH → reduces pepsin activity, providing a protective effect on the gastric mucosa.
各物種劑量
- Hyperphosphatemia · Initially at 30-90 mg/kg per day · PO · divided with meals · Dosage must be individualized. Capsules or suspension are preferred as they are more easily mixed with food and dispersed throughout ingesta.
- Hyperphosphatemia · 15-45 mg/kg · PO · q12h
- As an antacid · ¼ tablet · PO · q6h · Aluminum hydroxide tablets
- As an antacid · 30 grams/animal · PO · as needed
- Adjunctive gastroduodenal ulcer therapy in foals · 15 mL (total dose) · PO · 4 times a day · Aluminum/magnesium hydroxide suspension
- General · 1 mL/animal · PO · as needed · Chinchillas; Aluminum hydroxide gel
- General · 0.5-1 mL/animal · PO · as needed · Guinea pigs
- Hyperphosphatemia · 30-100 mg/kg/day · PO · with meals
- Hyperphosphatemia · 30-90 mg/kg/day · PO · prior to meals · Aluminum hydroxide gel, dried powder. The dried powder is virtually tasteless and accepted readily by most cats when mixed with canned food.
- Hyperphosphatemia · 15-45 mg/kg · PO · q12h
- Adjunctive therapy for gastric ulcers · 2-10 mL · PO · q2-4h · Aluminum hydroxide suspension or aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide suspension
- Adjunctive therapy for gastric ulcers · ½-1 tablet or strength · PO · q6h · Aluminum hydroxide tablets
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Use with caution in patients with delayed gastric emptying or severe constipation
- Use with caution in patients with severe renal failure due to risk of aluminum accumulation
不良反應
- Constipation
- Aluminum toxicity (neuromuscular weakness, microcytosis) with chronic use or severe renal impairment
- Hypophosphatemia (if over-supplemented)
藥物相互作用
- Isoniazid · Decreased absorption; separate oral doses by two hours
- Penicillamine · Decreased absorption; separate oral doses by two hours
- Phenothiazines · Decreased absorption; separate oral doses by two hours
- Tetracyclines · Decreased absorption; separate oral doses by two hours
- Thyroid Hormones · Decreased absorption; separate oral doses by two hours
監測
- Serum phosphorus (after a 12-hour fast), initially at 10-14 day intervals; once 'stable', at 4-6 week intervals
- Neuromuscular effects (signs of aluminum toxicity)
- Progressive decreases in mean cell volume (MCV) and microcytosis
過量
Chronic overdosage or accumulation in patients with severe renal failure can lead to **aluminum toxicity**. * Signs of toxicity include neuromuscular effects (weakness, stumbling, difficulty walking) and hematological changes (progressive decreases in mean cell volume [MCV] and microcytosis).
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。