阿米洛利
Amiloride
Amiloride hydrochloride
別名: Amilamont · Moduretic · Co-amilozide · Co-amilofruse · Frumil LS · Amiloride hydrochloride · Amiloridum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
各物種劑量
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概覽
阿米洛利是一種保鉀利尿劑，通常與其他更強效的利尿劑（如呋塞米或噻嗪類）合併使用，以控制水腫和腹水，同時防止鉀離子過度流失。由於單獨使用時利尿作用較弱，其主要的臨床價值在於減輕由環利尿劑引起的低鉀血症。
臨床警告： 如果使用不當，特別是在腎功能不全或正在服用ACE抑制劑的病患中，可能會導致危及生命的高鉀血症。
臨床提示： 在慢性心臟衰竭的治療中，常以複方製劑（例如 co-amilofruse）的形式出現，以平衡鉀的排泄與保留。
作用機轉
Amiloride acts directly on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the nephron.
It blocks epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) → inhibits sodium absorption → decreases the electrical potential across the tubular epithelium → reduces the driving force for potassium and hydrogen ion secretion.
This leads to a failure of the normal renal concentration gradient, resulting in sodium loss (mild diuresis) and potassium retention.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hyperkalemia
- Severe renal impairment or anuria
- Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
- Concurrent use of potassium supplements (unless closely monitored)
不良反應
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Dehydration
- Weakness or lethargy
注意事項
Use with extreme caution in patients with renal dysfunction or diabetes mellitus. Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes (especially potassium and sodium) and renal function (BUN, creatinine) is essential. > Do not use in patients with pre-existing hyperkalemia.
藥物交互作用
Increased risk of severe hyperkalemia due to additive potassium-sparing effects.
Significant risk of hyperkalemia.
May reduce the diuretic effect of amiloride and increase the risk of nephrotoxicity and hyperkalemia.
Additive potassium-sparing effects leading to hyperkalemia.
監測
- Serum potassium levels
- Serum sodium levels
- Renal function panel (BUN, Creatinine)
- Hydration status
- Blood pressure
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (approximately 50% in humans).
分佈
Widely distributed; does not highly bind to plasma proteins.
代謝
Not significantly metabolized in the liver.
排除
Excreted unchanged primarily in the urine, with a smaller portion excreted in feces.
過量
Overdose primarily presents as severe hyperkalemia, dehydration, and hyponatremia. Clinical signs may include profound weakness, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, and collapse.
Treatment: Discontinue the drug immediately. Induce emesis or perform gastric lavage if ingestion is recent. Treat hyperkalemia aggressively (e.g., IV fluids, calcium gluconate, dextrose/insulin, or sodium bicarbonate as clinically indicated).
可用產品
劑型
- 5 mg oral tablets
- 1 mg/ml oral solution
- Compound preparations with hydrochlorothiazide (Co-amilozide)
- Compound preparations with furosemide (Co-amilofruse)
人用標示
- Amilamont (1 mg/ml oral solution)
- Moduret (Amiloride/Hydrochlorothiazide)
- Moduretic (Amiloride/Hydrochlorothiazide)
- Co-amilozide (Amiloride/Hydrochlorothiazide)
- Co-amilofruse (Amiloride/Furosemide)
- Frumil (Amiloride/Furosemide)
- Frumil LS (Amiloride/Furosemide)
各地核准狀態
POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Often used as human-authorized products under the cascade.
POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Human preparations used under the prescribing cascade.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature in a tightly closed container. Protect from light and moisture.
飼主須知
阿米洛利是一種「利尿劑」，能幫助您的寵物排出體內多餘的水分，同時防止鉀離子流失。它通常與其他治療心臟或肝臟疾病的藥物一起開立。
- 飲水： 請務必隨時為您的寵物提供充足的新鮮飲水。
- 飲食： 除非獸醫特別指示，否則請勿給予寵物鉀補充劑或代鹽。
- 注意事項： 如果您的寵物變得極度嗜睡、虛弱、食慾不振或出現嘔吐/腹瀉，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
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