氨戊醯胺
Aminopentamide
4-(dimethylamino)-2,2-diphenylvaleramide
別名: Centrine · Aminopentamide hydrogen sulfate · Dimevamid
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute abdominal visceral spasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | 10 lbs or less: 0.1 mg; 11-20 lbs: 0.2 mg; 21-50 lbs: 0.3 mg; 51-100 lbs: 0.4 mg; over 100 lbs: 0.5 mg. If desired effect is not attained, dosage may be gradually increased up to 5 times these amounts. | PO, IM, SC | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| To decrease tenesmus in malabsorption/maldigestion syndromes | 0.1-0.4 mg (total dose) | SC, IM | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute abdominal visceral spasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | 10 lbs or less: 0.1 mg; 11-20 lbs: 0.2 mg; 21-50 lbs: 0.3 mg; 51-100 lbs: 0.4 mg; over 100 lbs: 0.5 mg. If desired effect is not attained, dosage may be gradually increased up to 5 times these amounts. | PO, IM, SC | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Second-line adjunctive therapy for refractory IBD | 0.1-0.4 mg/kg | SC | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
氨戊醯胺（Aminopentamide）是一種獸醫專用的抗膽鹼藥和解痙藥，歷史上用於治療犬貓的急性腹部內臟痙攣、幽門痙攣、肥厚性胃炎以及相關的噁心、嘔吐或腹瀉。
臨床提示： 雖然曾經很常見，但由於可能引發腸阻塞及全身性副作用，目前針對非特異性腸胃不適，已大多被更具標靶性的止吐藥（如 maropitant、ondansetron）和促腸胃蠕動藥所取代。
作用機轉
Aminopentamide acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the parasympathetic nervous system. By blocking acetylcholine binding, it inhibits parasympathetic tone.
- GI Tract: → Decreases smooth muscle contractions (reducing colonic spasms) and reduces gastric acid secretion.
- Systemic: Compared to atropine, it reportedly has a greater targeted effect on reducing colonic contractions with relatively fewer mydriatic (pupil dilating) and salivary (dry mouth) effects, though classic anticholinergic signs can still occur.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Glaucoma (absolute contraindication)
- Pyloric obstruction
- Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs
- Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
- Myocardial ischemia
- Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
- GI obstructive disease
- Paralytic ileus
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects)
- Known or suspected GI infections (e.g., parvovirus enteritis)
不良反應
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
- Blurred vision (mydriasis)
- Urinary hesitancy or retention
- Tachycardia
- Decreased GI motility (constipation/ileus)
注意事項
Warning: Antimuscarinic agents can decrease GI motility, potentially prolonging the retention of toxins or infectious agents (e.g., parvovirus). Use with extreme caution in these cases.
Use with caution in patients with:
- Hepatic or renal disease
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypertension
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) or tachyarrhythmias
- Prostatic hypertrophy
- Esophageal reflux
- Geriatric or pediatric patients
藥物交互作用
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
May increase intraocular pressure
Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
Anticholinergic derivatives may antagonize metoclopramide actions
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of spasms, vomiting, or diarrhea)
- Heart rate (monitor for tachycardia)
- Urination frequency and volume (monitor for urinary retention)
- Eye moisture and pupil size
過量
No specific information was located regarding acute overdosage clinical signs or treatment for aminopentamide. Guidelines for atropine overdose may be applied:
- Decontamination: If recent oral ingestion, empty gut contents and administer activated charcoal and saline cathartics.
- Supportive Care: Treat clinical signs symptomatically. Fluid therapy and standard treatments for shock may be instituted. Do not use phenothiazines as they may contribute to anticholinergic effects.
- Antidote (Severe Cases): The use of physostigmine is controversial and reserved for extreme agitation or life-threatening supraventricular/sinus tachycardias. Human pediatric dose (reasonable for small animals): 0.02 mg/kg slow IV, repeat q10 minutes until reversal of toxic effects. Physostigmine adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, seizures) may be treated with small doses of IV atropine.
可用產品
劑型
- Tablets
- Injection
獸醫用
- Aminopentamide Hydrogen Sulfate Tablets: 0.2 mg; Centrine® (Pfizer)
- Aminopentamide Hydrogen Sulfate Injection: 0.5 mg/mL in 10 mL vials; Centrine® (Pfizer)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store aminopentamide tablets and injection at controlled room temperature (15-30°C; 59-86°F).
飼主須知
氨戊醯胺有助於緩解胃腸痙攣。
- 注意副作用： 您可能會發現寵物出現口乾、眼乾或瞳孔放大的情況。
- 重要提示： 如果您的寵物排尿困難、無法排尿或顯得極度不適，請立即聯繫您的獸醫，因為此藥物可能會導致尿瀦留。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。