雙甲脒
Amitraz
N-methylbis(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)amine
別名: Mitaban · Taktic · Preventic · Aludex · ProMeris (historical) · Amitrazum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generalized demodicosis (Labeled Protocol) | 250 ppm (one 10.6 mL bottle in 2 gallons of warm water) | topical | q14d | 3-6 treatments (or until 30 days past two negative skin scrapings) | 🌎 NA |
| Generalized demodicosis (Extra-label Protocol 1) | 250 ppm, 500 ppm, or 1000 ppm | topical | q7d | Until 30 days past two negative skin scrapings | 🌎 NA |
| Generalized demodicosis (Extra-label Protocol 2) | 0.125% solution (1 mL of 12.5% Taktic in 100 mL water) | topical | q24h | Until 30 days past two negative skin scrapings | 🌎 NA |
| Otic demodicosis | 1 mL of 12.5% Taktic in 8.5 mL mineral oil | topical | q3-7d | Until resolved | 🌎 NA |
| Generalized mite infestations (canine demodicosis, sarcoptic acariasis and cheyletiellosis) | Diluted as a dip, left on the coat | topical | As directed (typically weekly or bi-weekly depending on specific product label) | Until clinical and microscopic resolution | 🌍 EU |
- Generalized demodicosis (Labeled Protocol): Apply to entire animal and air dry. DO NOT rinse or towel dry.
- Generalized demodicosis (Extra-label Protocol 1): Step up concentration if lower doses fail. Increased risk of toxicity at higher doses.
- Generalized demodicosis (Extra-label Protocol 2): Rub onto one-half of the dog's body and alternate sides daily.
- Otic demodicosis: Discontinue if irritation develops.
- Generalized mite infestations (canine demodicosis, sarcoptic acariasis and cheyletiellosis): Clipping long-haired coats will improve penetration. Animals should not be bathed or allowed to swim for 48 hours after application.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follicular demodicosis (Demodex cati) | 0.0125% (125 ppm) | topical | q7-14d | Until resolved | 🌎 NA |
| Surface demodicosis (Demodex gatoi) | 0.0125% (125 ppm) | topical | q7d | 12 weeks | 🌎 NA |
- Follicular demodicosis (Demodex cati): Extra-label. Monitor very closely for side effects. Use E-collar until dry.
- Surface demodicosis (Demodex gatoi): Extra-label. Monitor very closely for side effects. Use E-collar until dry.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mite treatment (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas) | 1.4 mL per liter | topical | q14d | 3-6 treatments | 🌎 NA |
- Mite treatment (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas): Not recommended in young animals or rabbits.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
雙甲脒是一種甲脒類殺蟎劑和殺蟲劑，在獸醫學中主要用於治療犬的全身性毛囊蟲症，以及控制跳蚤和壁蝨。對貓和兔子具有高毒性。
作用機轉
Acts as a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor in susceptible mites → alters neurotransmitter breakdown → CNS toxicity and death. Additionally, acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist in mammals → inhibits insulin release → transient hyperglycemia and sedation. Also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Cats and rabbits (highly toxic, though extra-label protocols exist)
- Chihuahuas and toy breeds (use with extreme caution)
- Puppies less than 4 months of age
- Dogs with deep pyodermas and draining tracts (treat infection first)
- Brittle diabetic patients
- Pregnant or nursing animals
不良反應
- Transient sedation (up to 72 hours)
- Ataxia
- Bradycardia
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Hypothermia
- Transient hyperglycemia
- Pruritus, erythema, and edema at application site
- Seizures (rare)
注意事項
Safety Warning: Liquid concentrates are flammable until diluted.
- Clients must wear rubber gloves when mixing and applying.
- Wash hands and arms thoroughly after application.
- Do not stress animals for at least 24 hours post-application.
- Use ophthalmic protectants (e.g., petrolatum ointment) if treating near the eyes.
- Dispose of unused diluted solution by flushing down the drain and do not reuse containers.
藥物交互作用
Immunosuppression can worsen demodicosis; concomitant use is contraindicated.
Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors increases risk of toxicity.
Concurrent use with tricyclic antidepressants is not recommended.
Concurrent use with tricyclic antidepressants is not recommended.
Additive or synergistic CNS depression and cardiovascular effects (bradycardia).
Potential for increased toxicity.
監測
- Resolution of clinical signs (negative skin scrapings)
- Blood glucose levels (especially in diabetic patients)
- Heart rate and body temperature
- Signs of excessive sedation or CNS depression
藥物動力學
吸收
Absorbed systemically through the skin, especially if the skin barrier is compromised.
過量
Toxicity can be significant, especially if amitraz-containing collars are ingested.
- Signs: Ataxia, severe CNS depression, bradycardia, hypothermia, and marked hyperglycemia.
- Treatment: Emesis (if asymptomatic), endoscopic retrieval of ingested collars, activated charcoal, and cathartics.
- Antidotes: Yohimbine (0.11-0.2 mg/kg IV) or Atipamezole can effectively reverse the alpha-2 adrenergic mediated signs (sedation, bradycardia, hyperglycemia). Repeated doses may be necessary due to the short half-life of the reversal agents.
可用產品
劑型
- Solution for Dilution: 19.9%
- Solution (emulsifiable concentrate) for Dilution: 12.5%
- Spot-On Solution: amitraz 150 mg/mL; metaflumizone 150 mg/mL
- Collar: 9% amitraz
獸醫用
- Mitaban Solution for Dilution 19.9%
- Taktic EC Solution 12.5%
- ProMeris for Dogs Spot-On Solution
- Preventic Collar 9%
各地核准狀態
停藥期: cattle meat 28 days · pig meat 7 days · sheep meat 28 days
Classified as POM-V in the UK/EU.
POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian).
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Liquid concentrates are flammable. Store at room temperature away from open flames. Once diluted with water, the solution must be used immediately and cannot be stored for future use.
飼主須知
雙甲脒是一種用於治療嚴重蟎蟲感染的強效藥物。使用時請務必戴上橡膠手套，並在事後徹底洗手。您的寵物在藥浴後可能會顯得非常嗜睡，這可能持續24至72小時。請讓牠們保持溫暖和安靜。如果寵物無法喚醒或嗜睡超過3天，請立即聯繫獸醫。請將此產品遠離貓和兔子。
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