北美珊瑚蛇抗毒血清
North American Coral Snake Antivenin
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)
別名: North American Coral Snake Antivenin · Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials initially, and more in 4-6 hours if necessary | IV | initially, and more in 4-6 hours if necessary | — | 🌎 NA |
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials of antivenin. Initially give one vial, by diluting to 100-250 mL of crystalloid fluids and initially administering by slow IV . In smaller patients, adjust infusion volume to prevent fluid overload. Give additional vials as indicated by the progression of the syndrome. | slow IV | Initially, then as indicated | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation: Therapy is best started within 4 hours after envenomation. Supportive care includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluid therapy and mechanical ventilation if necessary. Corticosteroids are not recommended.
- Coral Snake envenomation: Dose necessary is calculated relative to the amount of venom injected and the body mass of patient. Smaller patients may require higher doses (as venom amount/kg body weight is higher).
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials of antivenin. Initially give one vial, by diluting to 100-250 mL of crystalloid fluids and initially administering by slow IV . In smaller patients, adjust infusion volume to prevent fluid overload. Give additional vials as indicated by the progression of the syndrome. | slow IV | Initially, then as indicated | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation: Dose necessary is calculated relative to the amount of venom injected and the body mass of patient. Smaller patients may require higher doses.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation (systemic effects) | Administer 1-2 vials slowly IV diluted in 250-500 mL saline or lactated Ringer's. | IV | Once, use only if necessary | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation (systemic effects): Use only if necessary to treat systemic effects, otherwise avoid use. Administer antihistamines; corticosteroids are contraindicated. May be used with Crotilidae antivenin.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
北美珊瑚蛇抗毒血清是一種專門用於治療東部珊瑚蛇和德州珊瑚蛇咬傷中毒的解毒劑。請注意，它無法中和索諾蘭/亞利桑那珊瑚蛇的毒液。珊瑚蛇毒液主要具有神經毒性，臨床症狀可能會延遲出現，因此建議疑似被咬傷的動物應住院密切觀察24-48小時。
作用機轉
Antivenins provide passive immunity by supplying pre-formed neutralizing antibodies (globulins) derived from horses hyperimmunized with coral snake venom.
- Mechanism: The antibodies directly bind to the complex venom proteins (specifically alpha-neurotoxins) in the patient's bloodstream.
- Pathway: Venom-antibody binding → prevents neurotoxins from attaching to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction → halts the progression of flaccid paralysis and respiratory depression.
- Each vial neutralizes approximately 2 mg of M. fulvius fulvius venom.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Envenomation by Sonoran or Arizona Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus)
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Anaphylaxis (incidence <2%)
- Anaphylactoid reactions
- Serum sickness
- Erythema and wheal formation (at injection site during sensitivity testing)
注意事項
Anaphylaxis Risk: High risk of hypersensitivity reactions due to the equine serum origin.
- Sensitivity Testing: A 1:10 dilution given intracutaneously (0.02-0.03 mL) may be used to test for hypersensitivity (wheal/erythema within 30 mins indicates a positive reaction). Note: A negative test does not guarantee anaphylaxis won't occur.
- Pretreatment: Diphenhydramine is often recommended prior to administration.
- Management: If an anaphylactoid reaction occurs, stop the infusion, give additional diphenhydramine, and restart 5 minutes later at a slower rate.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category C.
藥物交互作用
May mask the clinical signs associated with the venom; use initially with caution.
Theoretical potentiation of venom, though undocumented. Diphenhydramine is routinely used by clinicians for pretreatment.
May mask the early signs associated with anaphylaxis.
Contraindicated for the treatment of snakebite envenomation itself, but may be useful to treat secondary anaphylaxis.
監測
- Signs associated with an allergic response to the antivenin (anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid-reactions, serum sickness)
- Cardiorespiratory monitoring
- Mechanical ventilation parameters (if necessary)
- Pulse oximetry
過量
Specific overdosage information is not provided, but in smaller patients, care must be taken to adjust the infusion volume of the crystalloid diluent to prevent fluid overload.
可用產品
劑型
- Powder for Injection lyophilized (with diluent)
人用標示
- Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) Powder for Injection lyophilized: in single-use vials with 1 vial diluent (10 mL water for injection) (Ayerst)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Product should be stored in the refrigerator. Avoid freezing and excessive heat. Reconstitute vial with 10 mL of the supplied diluent. Gentle agitation may be used to hasten dissolution of the lyophilized powder. Reconstituted vials should be used within 48 hours (keep refrigerated) and within 12 hours once added to IV solutions.
飼主須知
如果懷疑您的寵物被珊瑚蛇咬傷，請立即尋求急診獸醫協助。症狀（如虛弱、呼吸困難）可能延遲12-24小時才出現，因此寵物需要住院觀察1-2天。由於此解毒劑含有馬血清，可能會引發嚴重的過敏反應。此外，包含抗毒血清及重症監護的治療費用通常非常昂貴。
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