歐洲蝰蛇抗毒血清
用於治療**歐洲蝰蛇**（*Vipera berus*）咬傷的特異性免疫球蛋白（抗毒血清）。 > **臨床警告：** 抗毒血清的療效會隨咬傷後的時間推移而降低。對於局部腫脹的改善僅限於咬傷後 24 小時內給藥；然而，對於全身性症狀（若有出現），即使在咬傷 24 小時後給藥仍有助益。 **臨床提示：** 目前尚無已發表的文獻能確切證實其可縮短小動物的恢復時間，但它仍是嚴重蛇毒中毒的決定性療法。此抗毒血清對其他種類的蛇咬傷無效，遇到其他蛇咬傷應緊急尋求專家協助。在英國，可透過 **VPIS ToxBox** 服務緊急取得。
作用機制: Contains specific **immunoglobulins** (typically equine-derived F(ab')2 fragments) raised against *Vipera berus* venom. These antibodies directly bind to and neutralize the circulating venom toxins → preventing further tissue damage, coagulopathy, and systemic toxic effects.
各物種劑量
- Adder bite envenomation · 10 ml per animal slow i.v. (regardless of size). Consider giving 0.5 ml i.v. first and then wait 20 min to test for anaphylaxis. · IV · Single dose · Once · Administer slowly. Dose is per animal, not weight-dependent, as the venom load is independent of the victim's size.
- Adder bite envenomation · 10 ml per animal slow i.v. (regardless of size). Consider giving 0.5 ml i.v. first and then wait 20 min to test for anaphylaxis. · IV · Single dose · Once · Administer slowly. Dose is per animal, not weight-dependent.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- No specific contraindications available, but use with extreme caution in animals with known hypersensitivity to equine proteins.
不良反應
- Anaphylactic reactions (can be severe)
- Facial swelling (unrelated to the snake bite itself)
- Profound panting
- Unproductive cough
監測
- Signs of anaphylaxis during and immediately after administration (panting, facial swelling, hypotension, collapse)
- Progression or resolution of local swelling
- Systemic signs of envenomation (coagulation parameters, cardiovascular status, renal function)
過量
No specific information available. The primary risk with large volumes of equine-derived serum is volume overload and an increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions (serum sickness).
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。