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阿普拉黴素

Apramycin

Apramycin sulfate

氨基糖苷類抗生素PO鳥牛豬

別名: Apralan · Abylan · nebramycin factor 2 · nebramcyin II · apramycine · apramicina · AIDS166733

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

To be administered via drinking water to provide 250-500 mg of apramycin activity per liter for 5 days. This may be achieved by adding 50 g apramycin per 100-200 liters of water.PO· daily· 5 days
250–500 mg — 每隻動物的固定劑量（不按體重換算）

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

鳥

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms (Poultry)To be administered via drinking water to provide 250-500 mg of apramycin activity per liter for 5 days. This may be achieved by adding 50 g apramycin per 100-200 liters of water.POdaily5 days🌎 NA

牛

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms20-40 mg/kg PO daily in drinking waterPOdaily—🌎 NA
Colibacillosis or salmonellosis (Calves)1-2 sachets to be administered in the drinking water, milk, or milk replacer to provide 20-40 mg of apramycin activity per kg of bodyweight daily according to the severity of the disease. Continue treatment for 5 days.POdaily5 days🌎 NA

豬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organismsTreated pigs should consume enough water to receive 12.5 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days. Add to drinking water at a rate of 375 mg per gallon. After adding to water, stir and allow to stand for 15 minutes, then stir again.POdaily7 days🌎 NA
Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms20-40 mg/kg PO daily in drinking waterPOdaily—🌎 NA
Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organismsPigs: To be administered via the drinking water. Add 1 small measure (4.4 mL) or 1 sachet of soluble powder per 20 L of drinking water.POdaily—🌎 NA

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

​阿普拉黴素​是一種氨基環醇類抗生素（與氨基糖苷類密切相關），主要在獸醫學中用於治療家畜的腸道細菌感染，如豬大腸桿菌病，以及小牛和家禽的感染。

雖然在美國已無市售，但在國際上仍被使用。它對多種革蘭氏陰性菌具有顯著療效。由於成年動物胃腸道吸收不良，它對局部腸道感染非常有效。然而，​新生動物可能會全身性吸收該藥物​，從而增加典型氨基糖苷類毒性（腎毒性和耳毒性）的風險。

作用機轉

Apramycin is bactericidal. It actively transports across the bacterial cell membrane and binds irreversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit → interferes with mRNA translation → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.

It is active against many gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pasturella, Treponema hyodysenteriae, Bordetella bronchiseptica), as well as Staphylococcus and Mycoplasma.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to apramycin
  • Cats
  • Patients with myasthenia gravis

不良反應

  • Ototoxicity (if systemically absorbed)
  • Nephrotoxicity (if systemically absorbed)

注意事項

Warning: Contraindicated in cats and patients with myasthenia gravis.

  • Neonatal Absorption: While generally safe orally due to poor absorption, neonates may absorb substantial amounts, leading to potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
  • Inactivation: The drug can be inactivated if exposed to rust (e.g., in a rusty waterer).

藥物交互作用

Neuromuscular blockers

Potential for enhanced neuromuscular blockade (extrapolated from neomycin)

Nephrotoxic or Ototoxic drugs

Additive toxicity risk if apramycin is systemically absorbed (extrapolated from neomycin)

監測

  • Clinical efficacy
  • Renal function (if systemic absorption is suspected)

藥物動力學

吸收

Partially absorbed after oral administration, particularly in neonates. Absorption is dose-related and decreases substantially with the age of the animal.

分佈

Poorly distributed systemically in adult animals due to low oral absorption.

代謝

Minimal to none.

排除

Absorbed drug is eliminated via the kidneys unchanged.

過量

If substantial amounts of the drug are absorbed systemically (e.g., in neonates or massive overdose), both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are a distinct possibility. Treatment is supportive, focusing on maintaining hydration and renal perfusion.

可用產品

劑型

  • Soluble powder

獸醫用

  • Apramycin Sulfate Soluble Powder 37.5 & 48 g (base) bottle
  • Apralan Soluble Powder 1 gram sachets and 50 g in 220 mL

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store powder in a cool dry place, in tightly closed containers, protected from moisture. Store at temperatures less than 25°C. If exposed to rust, the drug can be inactivated. Prepare fresh water daily. Shelf life of the powder is 24 months.

飼主須知

  • ​配製​：每天配製新鮮的含藥飲水。
  • ​設備​：請勿使用生鏽的飲水器或容器，因為鐵鏽會使藥物失去活性。
  • ​停藥期​：嚴格遵守屠宰停藥期（例如在英國：豬 = 14天，小牛 = 28天，家禽 = 7天）。不可用於產蛋供人食用的蛋雞。

VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。