阿扎哌隆
Azaperone
Azaperone (R-1929)
別名: Stresnil · Suicalm · Azaperonum · R-1929
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixing feeder or weanling pigs | 2.2 mg/kg deeply IM | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Aggression (prevention and cure of fighting; including regrouping of piglets, porkers, fattening pigs) | 2 mg/kg (1 mL/20 kg) | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of aggression in sows | 2 mg/kg (1 mL/20 kg) | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Stress (restlessness, anxiety, etc.) | 1-2 mg/kg (0.5-1 mL/20 kg) | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Transport of boars | 1 mg/kg (0.5 mL/20 kg) | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Transport of weaners | 0.4-2 mg/kg (0.4-1 mL/20 kg) | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Obstetrics | 1 mg/kg (0.5 mL/20 kg) | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| As a premed | 1-2 mg/kg (0.5-1 mL/20 kg) | IM | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
- Mixing feeder or weanling pigs: No longer on US market
- Aggression (prevention and cure of fighting; including regrouping of piglets, porkers, fattening pigs): Given IM directly behind the ear using a long hypodermic needle, perpendicular to the skin.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
阿扎哌隆 (Azaperone) 是一種強效的丁醯苯類鎮靜劑和神經阻斷劑，主要用於豬隻和野生動物管理。
- 豬隻：控制攻擊行為的首選藥物，特別是在混合或重新編組斷奶豬或肉豬時，可防止打鬥和壓力。也用於產科和麻醉前給藥。
- 野生動物：常與布托啡諾 (Butorphanol) 和美托咪啶 (Medetomidine) 結合使用（稱為 BAM 方案），用於鹿科動物的保定。
- 馬匹：通常避免用於馬匹，因為會引起不良反應，包括出汗、肌肉震顫、恐慌、中樞神經興奮和顯著的動脈低血壓。
臨床重點：與吩噻嗪類（如乙醯丙嗪）不同，阿扎哌隆在豬隻中提供可靠的鎮靜作用，但缺乏鎮痛效果。對於疼痛性操作，必須與鴉片類藥物或局部麻醉劑結合使用。
作用機轉
Azaperone exerts its effects primarily through the central nervous system and peripheral vasculature:
- Dopamine (D2) Receptor Antagonism: Blocks D2 receptors in the brain (basal ganglia and limbic system) → produces profound tranquilization, reduced motor activity, and anti-emetic effects.
- Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockade: Antagonizes peripheral α1-receptors → causes vasodilation, which can lead to mild to moderate hypotension.
- Thermoregulation: Prevents halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine by stabilizing thermoregulatory centers.
- Respiratory Effects: Has minimal direct effects on respiration and may inhibit some respiratory depressant actions of general anesthetics.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Very cold conditions (risk of cardiovascular collapse)
不良反應
- Transient salivation
- Piling
- Panting
- Shivering
- Hypotension
- Penis extrusion in boars (at doses >1 mg/kg)
- Hypoventilation and hypoxemia (when used in BAM combo in deer)
注意事項
Do not give IV as a significant excitatory phase may be seen in pigs. Avoid use in very cold conditions as cardiovascular collapse may occur secondary to peripheral vasodilation. Do not exceed dosing recommendations in boars as the drug may cause the penis to be extruded. Because Vietnamese Pot Bellied pigs may have delayed absorption due to sequestration of the drug in body fat, re-dose with extreme caution; deaths have resulted after repeat dosing. Pigs should be left undisturbed for approximately 20 minutes after injection.
藥物交互作用
May cause additive CNS depression if used concurrently with butyrophenones.
監測
- Level of sedation
- Cardiovascular status (blood pressure)
藥物動力學
吸收
Fairly rapid onset of action following IM injections in pigs (5-10 minutes) with a peak effect at approximately 30 minutes post injection.
分佈
May be sequestered in body fat (notably in Vietnamese Pot Bellied pigs).
代謝
Metabolized in the liver.
排除
13% excreted in the feces. Practically all the drug is eliminated from the body by 16 hours post-dose.
過量
Azaperone overdoses can cause hypotension. Doses >1 mg/kg in boars may cause penis extrusion leading to damage. There is no specific reversal agent for azaperone; treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection (40 mg/mL)
- Compounded injection
- BAM combination injection (butorphanol, azaperone, medetomidine)
獸醫用
- Azaperone 40 mg/mL for Injection (Stresnil - UK)
- Compounded azaperone injection (zoopharm.net)
- BAM (butorphanol, azaperone, medetomidine) combination injection (zoopharm.net)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at controlled room temperature (15-25°C) and away from light. Do not store above 25°C. Once the vial is opened it should be used within 28 days.
飼主須知
- 給藥方式：必須深部肌肉注射 (IM)，通常注射於耳後並垂直於皮膚，或注射於後腿肉處。
- 環境要求：注射後，請讓豬隻保持完全不受打擾至少 20 分鐘。在藥效發作期間打擾動物可能會引發興奮或恐慌。
- 群體治療：混合豬隻時，請確保群體中的所有動物都接受治療，以防止未經治療的豬隻攻擊已鎮靜的豬隻。
- 預期反應：您可能會注意到豬隻出現暫時性的流口水、喘氣、發抖或擠成一堆。這是正常現象，稍後會自行消退。
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