溴隱亭
Bromocriptine
Bromocriptine mesylate
別名: Parlodel · Cycloset · bromocryptine · 2-bromergocryptine · bromocriptine methanesulphonate · bromocriptini mesilas · 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine mesylate · 2bromoergocryptine monomethanesulfonate · CB-154
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
結構化劑量計算證據Pseudocyesis (pseudopregnancy) | suppression of lactation (extra-label)
- q8-12h
NA
必須一併考量的臨床脈絡 (2)
- ■ Vomiting, fatigue, and low blood pressure are possible. For dogs and cats, giving this medicine with food may help to decrease vomiting.
- Protect tablets and capsules from light and store them in tight containers at 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F).
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
溴隱亭是一種半合成的麥角生物鹼衍生物，作為多巴胺促效劑和催乳素抑制劑。
- 犬：用於終止妊娠或假孕（儘管卡麥角林因胃腸道副作用較少而更常被首選）。
- 貓：偶爾作為肢端肥大症的輔助治療，以減少胰島素需求。
- 馬：歷史上用於腦下垂體中葉功能障礙（PPID/馬庫興氏症）或腦下垂體腺瘤，儘管培高利特（pergolide）是目前的標準治療。
臨床要點：溴隱亭在犬隻中極易引起嘔吐，這嚴重限制了其臨床實用性。可能需要與食物同服或使用止吐藥。
作用機轉
Bromocriptine acts primarily by stimulating postsynaptic dopamine (D2) receptors in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland.
- Prolactin Inhibition: Dopamine receptor stimulation → release of prolactin-inhibitory factor (PIF) → direct inhibition of prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary.
- Acromegaly: In certain pituitary adenomas, paradoxical suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion occurs via dopaminergic stimulation.
- CNS Effects: Activates dopaminergic receptors in the neostriatum of the brain, which can influence motor control and behavior.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypertension
- Pregnancy (in humans, documented teratogenicity not established but contraindicated)
- Nursing/lactating animals (interferes with lactation)
不良反應
- Nausea
- Vomiting (highly prevalent in dogs)
- Sedation
- Fatigue
- Hypotension
- Anorexia
- Depression
- Trembling
- Diarrhea
- Tachycardia
注意事項
Bromocriptine is generally contraindicated in patients with hypertension. It should be used with caution in patients with hepatic disease as metabolism of the drug may be reduced. Do not use in nursing animals as it interferes with lactation.
藥物交互作用
May cause a disulfiram-type reaction
May increase prolactin concentrations; bromocriptine doses may need to be increased
May increase prolactin concentrations; bromocriptine doses may need to be increased
May increase prolactin concentrations; bromocriptine doses may need to be increased
May increase prolactin concentrations; bromocriptine doses may need to be increased
May elevate cyclosporine levels
May increase bromocriptine levels
May increase bromocriptine levels
May interfere with the effects of bromocriptine
Not recommended; concurrent use has caused severe hypertension and myocardial infarction in humans
May cause additive hypotension
Avoid use of bromocriptine with these compounds
May cause prolactin release in dogs, negating the effects of bromocriptine for treating pseudopregnancy
May increase bromocriptine levels
Enhanced bromocriptine effects reported in humans (rare), including ventricular tachycardia and cardiac dysfunction
監測
- Clinical efficacy (dependent upon the reason for use)
- Blood pressure (especially if patients exhibit clinical signs associated with hypotension)
藥物動力學
吸收
In humans, only about 28% of a bromocriptine dose is absorbed from the gut. Due to a high first-pass effect, only about 6% reaches the systemic circulation.
分佈
Distribution characteristics are not well described, but in humans, it is highly bound (90-96%) to serum albumin.
代謝
Metabolized by the liver to inactive and non-toxic metabolites.
排除
Eliminated primarily as metabolites.
過量
Overdosage may cause vomiting, severe nausea, and profound hypotension.
- Clinical Signs in Dogs: Common findings recorded in decreasing frequency include vomiting, trembling, diarrhea, subdued behavior, and tachycardia.
- Treatment: Standardized gut removal techniques should be employed when applicable, though emesis often occurs spontaneously. Institute cardiovascular monitoring (blood pressure, heart rate) and provide supportive care as needed.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral capsules
- Oral tablets
- Compounded injections (from oral dosage forms)
人用標示
- Bromocriptine Mesylate Oral Capsules: 5 mg (as base); Parlodel® (Novartis); generic
- Bromocriptine Mesylate Oral Tablets: 0.8 mg (as base); Cycloset® (Patheon); 2.5 mg; Parlodel® SnapTabs (Novartis); generic
各地核准狀態
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儲存與穩定性
Tablets and capsules should be protected from light and stored in tight containers at temperatures less than 25°C.
飼主須知
- 與食物同服：與食物一起餵食可顯著降低胃部不適和嘔吐的機率。
- 注意噁心症狀：嘔吐和食慾不振是非常常見的副作用，尤其是在狗身上。如果情況嚴重，請聯繫您的獸醫。
- 嗜睡：您的寵物可能會顯得異常疲倦、沈靜或鎮靜。
- 哺乳期寵物禁用：此藥物會停止乳汁分泌。
注意：如果您的寵物虛脫、顯得極度虛弱或有嚴重嘔吐，請立即就醫，因為這可能表示血壓過低。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。