鮭魚降鈣素
Calcitonin Salmon
Calcitonin-salmon (32-amino acid polypeptide)
別名: Miacalcin · Calcimar · Fortical · calcitonin-salmon · calcitoninum salmonis · SCT-1
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypervitaminosis D (toxicity)/hypercalcemia | 4-8 Units/kg | SC | two to three times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hypervitaminosis D (toxicity)/hypercalcemia | 4-6 Units/kg | SC | q2-3 hours | until serum calcium levels are normalized | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy if fluid deficit replacement, saline diuresis, furosemide and prednisone have failed to control calcium | 4 Units/kg IV, then 4-8 Units/kg SC | IV, then SC | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hypervitaminosis D (toxicity)/hypercalcemia | 4-6 Units/kg | SC | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Hypervitaminosis D (toxicity)/hypercalcemia: Effects are short-lived and multiple treatments are required.
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypercalcemia (Green iguanas) | 1.5 Units/kg | SC | q8h | for several weeks if necessary | 🌎 NA |
| Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSHP) | 50 Units/kg | IM | once weekly | for 2-3 doses | 🌎 NA |
| Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSHP) | 50 Units/kg | IM | weekly | for 2-3 doses | 🌎 NA |
- Hypercalcemia (Green iguanas): In combination with fluid therapy
- Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSHP): Use if reptile is not hypocalcemic.
- Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSHP): Correct husbandry problems and correct hypocalcemia with calcium and vitamin D first. Once calcium level is normal and patient is on oral calcium supplementation (usually about 7 days after starting therapy) give calcitonin. Supportive care can be tapered off once patient becomes stable.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
鮭魚降鈣素是一種合成的多肽激素，在獸醫學中主要用於控制嚴重的高血鈣症（例如：膽鈣化醇殺鼠劑中毒、頂漿腺肛門囊腺癌或淋巴癌引起）以及爬行動物的營養性繼發性甲狀旁腺功能亢進（NSHP）。它也可作為嚴重骨痛的輔助治療。
- 臨床要點：使用鮭魚降鈣素是因為其效力比哺乳動物（人類）降鈣素高約50倍，且作用時間更長。
- 限制：其臨床實用性常因昂貴的費用和快速產生快速耐受性（Tachyphylaxis）（受體下調）而受限，這意味著在連續治療數天後通常會失去療效。
- 警告：請勿將降鈣素（降低血鈣）與骨化三醇（升高血鈣）混淆。
作用機轉
Calcitonin exerts a multitude of physiologic effects to rapidly lower serum calcium levels:
- Bone: Binds directly to calcitonin receptors on osteoclasts → profoundly inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption → decreases the release of calcium and phosphorus from bone into the extracellular fluid.
- Kidneys: Acts on the renal tubules → reduces tubular reabsorption of calcium, phosphate, sodium, magnesium, potassium, and chloride → promotes their renal excretion.
- Gastrointestinal Tract: Increases jejunal secretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride (but notably not calcium).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to calcitonin
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to other proteins may be at risk
不良反應
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Hypocalcemia (with overmedication)
- Diarrhea
- Injection site pain and swelling
- Redness
- Peripheral paresthesias (reported in humans)
- Allergic reactions (rare)
- Tachyphylaxis (resistance to therapy over time)
注意事項
Important Warnings
- Age Sensitivity: Young animals are reportedly up to 100 times more sensitive to the effects of calcitonin than older adult animals.
- Tachyphylaxis: Resistance to the drug's effects frequently develops after several days of treatment.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Very high doses have decreased birth weights in laboratory animals due to metabolic effects. It does not cross the placenta.
- Lactation: Calcitonin has been shown to inhibit lactation. Safe use during nursing has not been established.
藥物交互作用
May interfere with the efficacy of calcitonin
May interfere with the efficacy of calcitonin
監測
- Serum Calcium
藥物動力學
吸收
Destroyed in the gut after oral administration; must be given parenterally. IV onset is immediate. IM or SC onset occurs within 15 minutes with maximal effects at about 4 hours. Duration of action is 8-14 hours after IM or SC injection.
分佈
Does not cross the placenta.
代謝
Thought to be rapidly metabolized by the kidneys, in the blood, and in peripheral tissues.
排除
Renal excretion.
過量
Very limited data is available. Nausea and vomiting have been reported after accidental overdose injections. Chronic overdosing can lead to severe hypocalcemia.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection
- Intranasal spray
人用標示
- Calcitonin Salmon for Injection: 200 IU/mL in 2 mL vials; Miacalcin® (Novartis)
- Calcitonin Salmon Intranasal Spray: 200 Units/activation (0.09 mL/dose) in 2 mL vials (Miacalcin®) and 3.7 mL metered-dose (Fortical®) glass bottle with pump
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Injection: Store in the refrigerator (2-8°C). Nasal solution: Store in the refrigerator but protect from freezing. Once in use, store at room temperature in an upright position and use within 35 days.
飼主須知
降鈣素是一種激素，用於快速降低血液中危險的高鈣濃度，或治療嚴重的代謝性骨症（尤其是在爬行動物中）。
- 給藥方式：必須透過注射給藥，因為如果口服，它會在胃中被破壞。
- 副作用：觀察您的寵物是否有食慾不振或嘔吐的情況。如果發生這些情況，請告訴您的獸醫師。
- 監測：您的獸醫師需要進行頻繁的血液檢查來監測鈣濃度，確保其不會降得太低。
- 爬行動物飼主：如果用於治療代謝性骨症，降鈣素只是治療的一部分。根據獸醫師的指示糾正飲食、照明（UVB）並提供鈣補充劑，對於長期成功至關重要。
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