頭孢克洛
Cefaclor
別名: Ceclor · Raniclor · cefaclorum · cefaklor · cefkloras · kefakloori · compound 99638
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin or soft tissue infections | 7 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | 21-30 days | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic, lower respiratory tract infections | 10-13 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
- Systemic, lower respiratory tract infections: Maximum daily dose is 1 gram.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin or soft tissue infections | 7 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | 21-30 days | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic, lower respiratory tract infections | 10-13 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
- Systemic, lower respiratory tract infections: Maximum daily dose is 1 gram.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
頭孢克洛（Cefaclor）是一種口服第二代頭孢菌素抗生素。它的整體抗菌譜與第一代頭孢菌素（如頭孢氨苄）相似，但對某些革蘭氏陰性菌（包括大腸桿菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和奇異變形桿菌）具有更強的抗菌活性。
臨床要點： 雖然在獸醫學中的臨床經驗有限，但當細菌培養和藥敏試驗顯示感染對第一代頭孢菌素具有抗藥性，但對頭孢克洛敏感時，它可作為一種有用的口服替代藥物。
作用機轉
Cefaclor is a bactericidal beta-lactam antibiotic.
- It binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall.
- Binding → Inhibition of the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking).
- Defective cell wall → Cell lysis mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins).
It possesses slightly better stability against certain beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative organisms compared to first-generation cephalosporins.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
- Use with caution in patients with documented penicillin allergy (potential cross-reactivity)
- Severe renal impairment (requires dosage adjustment)
不良反應
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis)
- Serum-sickness-like reactions
- Erythema multiforme (rare)
- Rash
- Transient increases in liver enzymes
- Transient increases in BUN and serum creatinine
注意事項
Use cautiously in patients with documented penicillin allergies due to the potential for cross-reactivity. Dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with severe renal impairment. Cephalosporins may cause false-positive urine glucose determinations when using the copper reduction method and falsely elevated serum or urine creatinine values when using the Jaffe reaction. May cause a false-positive direct Coombs' test.
藥物交互作用
Reduces extent of absorption of extended-release cefaclor tablets
Reduced renal excretion of cefaclor
Rare reports of increased anticoagulant effect
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Renal function in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
In dogs, about 75% of an oral dose is absorbed, but an apparent first-pass effect reduces bioavailability to about 60%. Food delays, but does not appreciably alter the amount absorbed.
分佈
Distributed to many tissues, but levels are lower in interstitial fluid than those found in serum. Crosses the placenta and enters breast milk.
代謝
Dogs appear to metabolize a greater percentage of cefaclor than do rats, mice, or humans.
排除
Very high levels are excreted into the urine unchanged. Bile levels are higher than those found in serum.
過量
Cefaclor appears quite safe in dogs.
- Chronic high doses: Dogs given daily PO doses of 200 mg/kg/day for 30 days developed soft stools, occasional emesis, and transient moderate decreases in hemoglobin.
- Massive chronic doses: One dog given 400 mg/kg/day for one year developed a reversible thrombocytopenia.
可用產品
劑型
- Capsules
- Chewable Tablets
- Extended-Release Tablets
- Powder for Oral Suspension
人用標示
- Cefaclor Oral Capsules: 250 mg & 500 mg
- Cefaclor Chewable Tablets: 125 mg, 187 mg, 250 mg, & 375 mg
- Cefaclor Extended-Release Oral Tablets: 375 mg & 500 mg
- Cefaclor Powder for Oral Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 187 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL, & 375 mg/5 mL
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Capsules, tablets, and powder for suspension should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C). After reconstituting, the oral suspension should be stored in the refrigerator and discarded after 14 days.
飼主須知
重要提示： 請務必完全按照獸醫的指示給藥。即使您的寵物看起來已經完全康復，也請繼續完成整個療程，以防止感染復發或產生抗藥性。
- 給藥方式： 最好在空腹時給予此藥物。但是，如果您的寵物在服藥後嘔吐或食慾不振，您可以在之後的給藥時搭配少量食物。
- 副作用： 可能會出現輕微的腸胃不適（軟便、偶爾嘔吐）。
- 何時應聯繫獸醫： 如果您的寵物出現嚴重嘔吐、嚴重腹瀉或過敏反應跡象（如面部腫脹、蕁麻疹或嚴重搔癢），請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
- 儲存方式： 如果您拿到的是液體懸浮液，請將其保存在冰箱中，並在14天後丟棄任何未用完的部分。
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