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頭孢替坦

Cefotetan

Cefotetan disodium

第二代頭孢菌素 (頭孢黴素類)IVIMSC狗貓

別名: Cefotan · Apacef · Apatef · Ceftenon · Cepan · Darvilen · Yamatetan · ICI-156834 · YM-09330

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

30 mg/kg SC q12hSC· q12h
— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections30 mg/kg SC q12hSCq12h—🌎 NA
Soft tissue infections30 mg/kg SC q12hSCq12h7 days or less🌎 NA
Bacteremia, sepsis30 mg/kg IV, SC q8hIV, SCq8has long as required🌎 NA

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Sepsis30 mg/kg q5-8h IVIVq5-8h—🌎 NA

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

頭孢替坦是一種​第二代頭孢菌素​（特指頭孢黴素類），對厭氧菌（如擬桿菌屬）和腸道革蘭氏陰性桿菌（如大腸桿菌）具有廣效抗菌作用。

其結構與藥理特性與頭孢西丁（cefoxitin）相似，但藥代動力學特性更佳，允許在小動物中延長給藥間隔。

​臨床要點​：

  • 頭孢替坦含有 ​N-甲基硫代四唑 (NMTT) 側鏈​（類似於頭孢哌酮）。此特定結構特徵可能干擾維生素K代謝，導致低凝血酶原血症（出血傾向），若接觸酒精可能引起戒酒硫樣反應（disulfiram-like reactions）。
  • 它對許多厭氧菌高度有效，常被用於治療嚴重的軟組織感染、敗血症或腹腔內感染。

作用機轉

Cefotetan is a bactericidal time-dependent antibiotic.

  • It binds to specific ​Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs)​ located inside the bacterial cell wall.
  • Binding → inhibition of the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis (mucopeptide/peptidoglycan cross-linking).
  • This leads to weakened cell walls → cell lysis and death mediated by bacterial autolysins.
  • As a cephamycin, it is highly resistant to degradation by many beta-lactamases produced by Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to cephamycins or cephalosporins
  • Caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to penicillins or other beta-lactams (cross-reactivity possible)
  • Caution in patients with severe renal dysfunction (dose interval adjustment may be required)

不良反應

  • Pain at IM injection site
  • Thrombophlebitis (IV administration)
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, fever, anaphylaxis)
  • Bleeding tendencies (hypoprothrombinemia due to NMTT side chain)
  • Gastrointestinal flora alteration (diarrhea, superinfections)
  • Rarely: nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia at high doses

注意事項

​Cross-Reactivity:​ Use cautiously in patients with known penicillin allergies due to a 1-15% chance of cross-reactivity.

​Renal Impairment:​ Elimination half-lives may be significantly prolonged in patients with severely diminished renal function; dosing intervals may need to be extended.

​Laboratory Interference:​ May cause false-positive urine glucose tests (cupric sulfate method) and falsely elevated serum/urine creatinine (Jaffe reaction). Can also cause a false-positive direct Coombs' test.

藥物交互作用

Alcohol

Potential for a disulfiram-like reaction (vomiting, etc.) due to the NMTT side chain.

Aminoglycosides

Potential additive nephrotoxicity; do not mix together in the same syringe/fluid bag (administer separately). May have synergistic antibacterial activity.

Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., Amphotericin B)

Potential additive nephrotoxicity.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
  • Renal function in patients with pre-existing renal disease
  • Signs of bleeding or coagulopathy (due to NMTT side chain)

藥物動力學

吸收

Not appreciably absorbed after oral administration; must be given parenterally to achieve therapeutic serum levels.

分佈

Well distributed into most tissues, but has limited penetration into the CSF. Enters maternal milk in small quantities.

代謝

Minimal hepatic metabolism.

排除

Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys into the urine via both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Elimination half-lives are prolonged in severe renal dysfunction.

過量

Massive or chronic overdoses are required to cause significant adverse effects. Seizures are possible with extreme beta-lactam overdoses, particularly in patients with renal impairment. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.

可用產品

劑型

  • Powder for injection

人用標示

  • Cefotetan Disodium Powder for Solution: 1 g, 2 g, & 10 g in 10 mL & 20 mL vials

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store sterile powder below 22°C and protect from light. Darkening of powder does not indicate lessened potency. After reconstitution with sterile water, the solution is stable for 24 hours at room temperature, 96 hours refrigerated, and at least 1 week if frozen at -20°C.

飼主須知

頭孢替坦是一種注射型抗生素，通常由獸醫師在醫院內給予，用於治療嚴重的細菌感染。

  • ​副作用​：本藥物通常耐受性極佳。但請注意是否有腸胃不適、腹瀉或異常出血/瘀斑的跡象。
  • ​過敏反應​：如果您的寵物曾對青黴素或其他頭孢菌素類抗生素有過敏反應，請立即告知您的獸醫師。
  • ​哺乳期​：如果您的寵物正在懷孕或哺乳，請告知獸醫師，因為藥物可能會進入乳汁，並可能導致哺乳幼犬/貓出現輕微腹瀉。

VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。