結晶游離酸頭孢噻呋
Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid
別名: Excede · CCFA · CM-31916 · ceftiofuri
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus | 6.6 mg/kg IM; repeat in 4 days | IM | repeat in 4 days | 2 doses total | 🌎 NA |
- Lower respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus: A maximum of 20 mL per injection site may be administered. Shake well before using.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRD treatment (Beef and lactating cattle) | 3 mg per lb (6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents per kg) body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) | SC | Single dose | Single dose | 🌎 NA |
| BRD treatment (Beef and non-lactating dairy cattle) | 6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents/kg body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) | SC | Single dose | Single dose | 🌎 NA |
| BRD control (Beef and non-lactating dairy cattle) | 6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/kg body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) | SC | Single dose | Single dose | 🌎 NA |
- BRD treatment (Beef and lactating cattle): Administer as a single SC injection in the posterior aspect of the ear where it attaches to the head at the base of the ear (BOE).
- BRD treatment (Beef and non-lactating dairy cattle): Administer as a single SC injection in the middle third of the posterior aspect of the ear.
- BRD control (Beef and non-lactating dairy cattle): Administer as a SC injection either in the middle third of the posterior aspect of the ear or at the base of the ear.
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swine respiratory disease (SRD) | 2.27 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE) per lb (5 mg CE/kg) body weight | IM | Single dose | Single dose | 🌎 NA |
- Swine respiratory disease (SRD): Administer in the post-auricular region of the neck. No more than 2 mL should be injected in a single injection site. Pigs heavier than 88 lb (40 kg) will require more than one injection.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
結晶游離酸頭孢噻呋 (CCFA) 是一種長效、獸醫專用的第三代頭孢菌素。它配製於棉籽油基質中以提供單次注射後的數天緩釋效果。
- 廣效抗菌活性： 對主要的革蘭氏陰性及陽性呼吸道病原體具有高度療效。
- 目標物種： FDA 核准用於牛（牛呼吸道疾病及腐蹄病）、豬（豬呼吸道疾病）和馬（由獸疫鏈球菌引起的下呼吸道感染）。
- 臨床優勢： 單次給藥（牛/豬）或兩次給藥（馬）即可完成完整療程，提高順從性並減少動物保定壓力。
作用機轉
Like other beta-lactam antibiotics, ceftiofur is a time-dependent, bactericidal agent.
- It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) → inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking → disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis → activates autolysins → cell lysis and death.
- After administration, the parent compound is rapidly cleaved into furoic acid and desfuroylceftiofur (the primary active metabolite).
- Desfuroylceftiofur is equally potent to the parent drug and exhibits a spectrum of activity similar to cefotaxime. High protein binding creates a 'reservoir effect' to maintain active drug levels at the site of infection.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
- Use with caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactams (penicillins, carbapenems)
- Do not use in pre-ruminating calves to be processed for veal
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
- Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia (rare)
- Diarrhea, soft or loose stools (especially in horses)
- Injection site reactions: swelling, thickening, aseptic cellular infiltrate, discoloration
- Sudden death in cattle if injected into ear arteries
注意事項
CRITICAL WARNING: Administration of ceftiofur free acid into the ear arteries is likely to result in sudden death in cattle.
- Human Safety: Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, mouth, and clothing. Wear latex gloves to prevent sensitization. Persons with known penicillin/cephalosporin hypersensitivity should avoid exposure.
- Residue Warnings: Strictly observe slaughter withdrawal times (13 days for cattle, 14 days for swine). Extra-label use or exceeding maximum injection volumes per site may result in violative residues.
- Equine Precautions: If acute diarrhea is observed, do not administer additional doses and initiate appropriate therapy. Not evaluated in horses <4 months of age, or breeding, pregnant, or lactating horses. Due to prolonged clearance (~17 days to eliminate 97%), adverse reactions may require prolonged care.
藥物交互作用
Potential additive nephrotoxicity. Do not mix in the same syringe or IV line.
Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and serum half-lives.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of respiratory signs within 3-5 days)
- Injection site reactions (swelling, inflammation)
- Fecal consistency (monitor for diarrhea, especially in horses)
- CBC (if used off-label in small animals)
- Renal function in patients with pre-existing renal compromise
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Cattle (SC): Provides therapeutic concentrations above MIC90 for generally not less than 150 hours. Swine (IM): Therapeutic levels reached within 1 hour and maintained for an average of 8 days. Horses (IM): Slowly absorbed; peak serum level at ~22 hours (first dose) and ~16 hours (second dose), maintaining therapeutic levels for 10 days.
分佈
High protein binding creates a 'reservoir effect' to maintain active levels at the site of infection.
代謝
Rapidly cleaved into furoic acid and desfuroylceftiofur (the primary active metabolite).
排除
Horses: Approximately 17 days are needed to eliminate 97% of the dose from the body.
過量
Cephalosporin overdoses are unlikely to cause significant systemic toxicity other than gastrointestinal distress and potential injection site reactions.
Regulatory Warning: Use of dosages in excess of labeled recommendations (e.g., >6.6 mg/kg in cattle or >5 mg/kg in swine) or administration by unapproved routes (e.g., SC in the neck or IM in cattle) will likely cause violative tissue residues. Contact FARAD for assistance in determining appropriate extended withdrawal times if an overdose occurs.
可用產品
劑型
- Sterile suspension (100 mg/mL ceftiofur equivalents)
- Sterile suspension (200 mg/mL ceftiofur equivalents)
獸醫用
- Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid equivalent to 200 mg/mL ceftiofur in 100 mL vials (Excede for Cattle/Horses)
- Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid equivalent to 100 mg/mL ceftiofur in 100 mL vials (Excede for Swine)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at controlled room temperature 20-25°C (68-77°F). Shake well before using. Contents should be used within 12 weeks after the first dose is removed.
飼主須知
馬主須知：
- 注意腹瀉： 如果您的馬在接受此藥物後出現軟便或腹瀉，請立即聯繫獸醫，並停止給予第二劑。
- 注射部位腫脹： 注射部位可能會出現輕微腫脹或疼痛。請觀察該區域，若出現嚴重或有分泌物的病灶請回報。
- 長效作用： 此藥物設計為在體內停留較長時間（超過兩週）。因此，若發生不良反應，可能需要長期的獸醫照護。
畜牧業者須知：
- 停藥期： 嚴格遵守屠宰停藥期（牛13天，豬14天），以防止肉品中出現違法藥物殘留。
- 棄乳期： 泌乳乳牛只有在完全按照標籤指示於耳根部給藥時，才享有零天棄乳期。
- 注射技術： 正確的注射技術和部位對於安全性及避免屠體修整損失至關重要。
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