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氯丙嗪

Chlorpromazine

Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride

吩噻嗪類鎮靜劑/止吐劑POIMIVSC狗貓牛豬羊山羊

別名: Thorazine · aminazine · chlorpromazini hydrochloridum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC three to four times dailyIV/IM/SC· q6-8h
— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As an antiemetic0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC three to four times dailyIV/IM/SCq6-8h—🌎 NA
As an antiemetic0.2-0.4 mg/kg SC, IM q8hSC/IMq8h—🌎 NA
As an antiemetic4-8 mg (total dose; do not exceed 0.5 mg/kg) per dog PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
As a muscle relaxant during tetanus2 mg/kg IM twice dailyIMq12h—🌎 NA

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As an antiemetic0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC three to four times dailyIV/IM/SCq6-8h—🌎 NA
As an antiemetic2 mg (total dose) per cat PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
As a preanestheticup to 1.1 mg/kg IM 1-1.5 hours prior to surgeryIMOnce—🌎 NA

牛

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Premedication for cattle undergoing standing proceduresUp to 1 mg/kg IMIMOnce—🌎 NA
  • Premedication for cattle undergoing standing procedures: May cause regurgitation if animal undergoes general anesthesia

豬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Premedication1 mg/kg IMIMOnce—🌎 NA
Premedication0.55-3.3 mg/kg IV; 2-4 mg/kg IMIV/IMOnce—🌎 NA
Restraint1.1 mg/kg IMIMOnce—🌎 NA
Prior to barbiturate anesthesia2-4 mg/kg IMIMOnce—🌎 NA
  • Restraint: Effects are at peak in 45-60 minutes

羊

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
General use0.55-4.4 mg/kg IV, 2.2-6.6 mg/kg IMIV/IMOnce—🌎 NA

山羊

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
General use0.55-4.4 mg/kg IV, 2.2-6.6 mg/kg IMIV/IMOnce—🌎 NA
General use2-3.5 mg/kg IV q5-6hIVq5-6h—🌎 NA

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

氯丙嗪是典型的吩噻嗪類衍生物，在獸醫學中歷史上被用作神經阻滯劑和鎮靜劑，但由於乙醯丙嗪（Acepromazine）效力更高且作用時間較短，現已大多被其取代。

目前主要用於小動物的​止吐​，特別是控制貓的暈車症狀。

​主要臨床重點：​

  • 能有效抑制狗（但對貓無效）由阿朴嗎啡引起的嘔吐，以及嗎啡引起的嘔吐。
  • 無法抑制由硫酸銅或毛地黃苷引起的嘔吐。
  • ​幾乎沒有鎮痛作用​；對於疼痛情況必須提供適當的鎮痛藥。
  • 由於會引起矛盾的興奮和共濟失調，通常禁忌用於馬匹。
  • 可能引起顯著的血管擴張和低血壓；給藥前病患必須有充足的水分。

作用機轉

Chlorpromazine acts primarily as a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist in the central nervous system.

  • ​Antiemetic effect:​ Blocks D2 receptors in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ) of the medulla → inhibits emetic signaling to the vomiting center.
  • ​Sedative effect:​ Antagonizes central ​histamine (H1)​, alpha-1 adrenergic, and dopamine receptors → depresses the reticular activating system.
  • ​Cardiovascular effect:​ Peripheral alpha-1 adrenergic blockade → vasodilation and potential hypotension.
  • Also possesses weak anticholinergic (muscarinic M1 blockade) and antiserotonergic properties.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Horses (generally not recommended due to severe ataxia and panic reactions)
  • Rabbits (IM injection causes severe muscle discomfort and swelling)
  • Hypovolemia or shock
  • Tetanus or strychnine intoxication (due to extrapyramidal effects)

不良反應

  • Hypotension
  • CNS stimulation (paradoxical)
  • Bradycardia or tachycardia
  • Extrapyramidal signs in cats (tremors, shivering, rigidity, loss of righting reflexes)
  • Lethargy
  • Diarrhea
  • Loss of anal sphincter tone
  • Ataxia, excitation, and panic reactions in horses
  • Hypothermia or hyperthermia

注意事項

​Important:​ Intravenous injections must be diluted with saline to concentrations of no more than 1 mg/mL and administered slowly. Do not inject into arteries.

  • ​MDR1 Mutation:​ Dogs with MDR1 mutations (Collies, Australian Shepherds, etc.) may develop pronounced and prolonged sedation. Reduce initial doses by 25% in suspect patients.
  • ​Aggressive Dogs:​ Use cautiously as a restraining agent; it may make the animal more prone to startle and react to noises or sensory inputs.
  • ​Debilitated Patients:​ Use cautiously and in smaller doses in animals with hepatic dysfunction, cardiac disease, or general debilitation.
  • ​Anesthesia:​ Animals may require lower dosages of general anesthetics following phenothiazines.

藥物交互作用

Acetaminophen

Possible increased risk for hypothermia

Antacids

May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines

Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate)

May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines

CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics)

May cause additive CNS depression

Dipyrone

May cause serious hypothermia

Epinephrine

Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)

Opiates

May enhance hypotensive effects; chlorpromazine dosages may need reduction

Organophosphate Agents

Effects may be potentiated; do not give phenothiazines within one month of worming with these agents

Paraquat

Toxicity may be increased by chlorpromazine

Phenytoin

Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently

Physostigmine

Toxicity may be enhanced by chlorpromazine

Procaine

Activity may be enhanced by phenothiazines

Propranolol

Increased blood levels of both drugs may result

Quinidine

May cause additive cardiac depression

監測

  • Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure (if indicated and possible)
  • Degree of tranquilization and anti-emetic activity
  • Body temperature (especially in extreme ambient temperatures)

藥物動力學

吸收

Absorbed rapidly after oral administration, but undergoes extensive first pass metabolism in the liver. Well absorbed after IM injection, but onset of action is slower than IV.

分佈

Distributed throughout the body; brain concentrations are higher than plasma. Approximately 95% is bound to plasma proteins (primarily albumin).

代謝

Extensively metabolized principally in the liver and kidneys.

排除

Little specific information is available regarding its excretion in dogs and cats.

過量

Small overdoses typically cause somnolence. Larger overdoses can cause serious effects including coma, agitation/seizures, ECG changes/arrhythmias, hypotension, and extrapyramidal effects.

  • ​Treatment:​ Most overdoses are managed with supportive care and monitoring. Massive oral overdoses should be treated by emptying the gut if possible.
  • ​Hypotension Management:​ Do NOT treat hypotension with epinephrine (due to epinephrine reversal). Use phenylephrine or norepinephrine (levarterenol).
  • ​Seizure Management:​ Control seizures with barbiturates or diazepam.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral Tablets
  • Injection
  • Oral Solution

人用標示

  • Chlorpromazine Oral Tablets: 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg & 200 mg
  • Chlorpromazine Injection: 25 mg/mL in 1 & 2 mL amps

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Protect from light and store at room temperature. Avoid freezing the oral solution and injection. Dispense oral solution in amber bottles. Store oral tablets in tight containers. Do not store in plastic syringes or IV bags for prolonged periods as the drug may adsorb to plastic. Discard darkly colored solutions or if precipitates have formed (a slight yellowish color will not affect potency).

飼主須知

  • ​處理方式：​ 避免讓藥液接觸手部或衣物，因為可能會引起接觸性皮膚炎。給藥後請洗手。
  • ​尿液顏色：​ 此藥物可能會使寵物的尿液變成粉紅色或紅棕色。這是正常的副作用，無需擔心。
  • ​觀察：​ 在寵物鎮靜期間，請將其安置在安全、安靜的環境中。注意是否有過度嗜睡、異常的肌肉顫抖或僵硬，若出現這些情況請聯絡您的獸醫師。

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