丹諾沙星
Danofloxacin
Danofloxacin mesylate
別名: A180 · Advocine · Danocin · Advocid · Advovet · Exocin · CP-76136-27 · danofloxacine · danofloxacino · Ofloxacinum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ophthalmic infections | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q6h | As directed by veterinarian | 🌍 EU |
- Ophthalmic infections: Intensive therapy: q30-120min for short-term use (1-2 days).
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ophthalmic infections | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q6h | As directed by veterinarian | 🌍 EU |
- Ophthalmic infections: Intensive therapy: q30-120min for short-term use (1-2 days).
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) | 6 mg/kg (1.5 mL per 100 lb body weight) SC | SC | Repeat once in approximately 48 hours | 2 doses total | 🌎 NA |
- Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): Administered dosage volume should not exceed 15 mL per injection site.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
丹諾沙星是一種獸醫專用的注射型氟喹諾酮類抗生素，主要用於治療肉牛的牛呼吸道疾病 (BRD)。它對 Mannheimia haemolytica 和 Pasteurella multocida 等主要呼吸道病原體具有濃度依賴性的殺菌活性。
臨床要點：
- 與其他氟喹諾酮類藥物一樣，它具有極佳的組織穿透力，特別是肺部組織，使其對呼吸道感染非常有效。
- 具有高分佈體積，並能良好地濃縮於滲出液和漏出液中。
- 法規警告： 美國 FDA 嚴格禁止在經濟動物（食用動物）中對氟喹諾酮類藥物進行標示外使用 (extra-label use)。
作用機轉
Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication and transcription.
- They enter the bacterium and inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV.
- Inhibition of DNA gyrase → prevents DNA supercoiling → halts DNA replication.
- Inhibition of topoisomerase IV → interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules.
- This dual action leads to rapid bacterial cell death. The bactericidal activity is concentration-dependent rather than time-dependent.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Extra-label use in food-producing animals (FDA prohibited)
- Lactating dairy cattle (where milk is for human consumption)
- Veal calves
- Animals with known or suspected CNS disorders (relative contraindication)
- Known hypersensitivity to ofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions (uncommon)
- Lameness or arthropathies (especially in young animals/calves)
- Local tissue reaction at the subcutaneous injection site (may result in trim loss)
- Mild, transient ocular irritation or stinging upon application (general class effect)
- Conjunctival hyperemia (rare)
注意事項
The FDA strictly prohibits extra-label usage of this drug in food animals. Use with caution in animals with known or suspected CNS disorders, as quinolones have rarely caused CNS stimulation. Do not use in lactating dairy cattle or calves to be processed for veal.
藥物交互作用
Potential increase in serum concentrations of theophylline; increased monitoring of theophylline concentrations is recommended
監測
- Clinical efficacy
- Injection site reactions
- Signs of lameness or CNS stimulation
- Clinical response to therapy (resolution of ocular discharge, inflammation, or ulceration)
- Culture and sensitivity testing prior to and during prolonged treatment if no improvement
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly absorbed after subcutaneous injection in cattle with high bioavailability (≈90%). Peak serum levels occur about 2-3 hours after dosing.
分佈
High volume of distribution (approximately 2.7 L/kg in cattle); lung levels exceed those in plasma. Penetrates well into exudates and transudates.
代謝
In cattle, minimal metabolism occurs. Other species may metabolize greater percentages of the drug into a desmethyl metabolite (desmethyldanofloxacin).
排除
In cattle, elimination is primarily as unchanged drug into the urine. Terminal elimination half-life in cattle ranges from 3-6 hours.
過量
Limited information is available for cattle. High dosages (18-60 mg/kg for 3-6 days) in feeder calves can cause arthropathies/lameness (consistent with other fluoroquinolones), CNS stimulation (ataxia, nystagmus, tremors), inappetence, recumbency, depression, and exophthalmos. Some calves receiving 18 mg/kg twice 48 hours apart developed nasal pad erythema.
In adult dogs, 2.4 mg/kg/day PO for 90 days resulted in no observable adverse effects.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection
- Topical: 0.3% ophthalmic solution in 5 ml bottle
獸醫用
- Danofloxacin Mesylate 180 mg/mL (of danofloxacin) in 100 mL & 250 mL multi-dose vials (A180)
人用標示
- Exocin 0.3% eye drops
各地核准狀態
Human product (Exocin) used under the prescribing cascade. POM.
Human product (Exocin) used under the prescribing cascade. POM (Prescription Only Medicine).
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at or below 30°C (86°F) and protect from light and freezing. The color of the solution (yellow to amber) does not affect potency. Do not mix with other medications or diluents, as fluoroquinolones are very sensitive to pH changes and chelation with cationic substances (calcium, magnesium, zinc).
飼主須知
重要提示： 若對經濟動物給藥，法律要求必須嚴格遵守仿單指示。
- 請確保使用正確的皮下注射 (SC) 技術。
- 每個注射部位的劑量不應超過 15 mL，以減少組織損傷。
- 請遵守最後一次治療後規定的 4 天屠宰停藥期。
- 觀察動物是否有跛行、神經系統症狀或注射部位不良反應的跡象。
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