地可喹酯
地可喹酯（Decoquinate）是一種**4-羥基喹諾酮**類抗原蟲藥，主要在畜禽中作為**抗球蟲藥**使用。雖然它能透過在子孢子階段阻斷寄生蟲的生命週期來有效*預防*球蟲病，但它**對成蟲無效**，無法治療活躍的臨床感染。 在小動物臨床上，最著名的標示外用途是用於狗，在初步急性治療後長期預防**美洲肝簇蟲（Hepatozoon americanum）**的復發。由於它是一種抑菌劑（抑制球蟲而非殺滅球蟲），因此需要依賴宿主的免疫系統來清除被抑制的寄生蟲。
作用機制: Decoquinate acts specifically on the **sporozoite stage** of the coccidian life cycle. * Sporozoites can still penetrate host intestinal cells, but further intracellular development is halted. * **Mechanism**: It disrupts electron transport within the **mitochondrial cytochrome system** of the parasite → inhibits respiration and ATP energy production → prevents maturation and replication.
各物種劑量
- Prophylaxis of coccidiosis · 0.5 mg/kg per day in feed · PO · q24h · during periods of exposure
- Prophylaxis of coccidiosis · 0.5-1 mg/kg of body weight PO · PO · q24h
- Prophylaxis of coccidiosis · 0.5 mg/kg per day in feed · PO · q24h · for at least 28 days · Using the 6% premix
- Coccidiosis prophylaxis · 50 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h
- Canine hepatozoonosis (Hepatozoon americanum) relapse prevention · 20 mg/kg PO q12h · PO · q12h · long-term (Recommend treating for 2 years) · Given after 14 days of TCP therapy (TMP/Sulfa, Clindamycin, Pyrimethamine). Perform muscle biopsy after 2 years; if negative, may discontinue.
- Canine hepatozoonosis relapse prevention (alternative) · 10-20 mg/kg PO q12h · PO · q12h · for 24 months · Given after 14 days of TCP therapy.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Lactating dairy animals producing milk for food
- Laying chickens
- Treatment of active/clinical coccidiosis
監測
- Clinical signs of coccidiosis or hepatozoonosis relapse
- Muscle biopsy (after 2 years of hepatozoonosis treatment in dogs to confirm clearance)
過量
Decoquinate is considered to have a **wide safety margin**. No specific acute toxicity information was located.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。