右泛醇 (Dexpanthenol)
Dexpanthenol
(+)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide
別名: Ilopan · Bepanthen · d-Panthenol · Provitamin B5 · d-Pantothenyl alcohol · Pantothenol
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
各物種劑量
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概覽
右泛醇（又稱 d-Panthenol）是泛酸（維生素B5）的醇類衍生物。
- 主要用途： 營養補充（常包含於腸胃外維生素複合物中）及局部傷口癒合。
- 歷史用途： 曾作為溫和的胃腸促動力藥，用於刺激腸道蠕動（例如治療麻痺性腸梗阻、術後腸無力或馬疝痛），儘管其促動力療效在現代獸醫學中尚有高度爭議。
臨床要點： 雖然在治療胃腸道停滯方面，它已在很大程度上被更有效且具針對性的促動力藥（如 metoclopramide、cisapride 或 lidocaine 恆速靜脈輸注）所取代，但由於其極佳的安全性及在細胞代謝中的作用，它仍然是靜脈輸液維生素添加劑和局部皮膚製劑中的常見成分。
作用機轉
Dexpanthenol acts as a precursor and is rapidly converted to pantothenic acid in vivo.
- Pantothenic acid is a fundamental component of Coenzyme A (CoA).
- CoA facilitates critical acetylation reactions → essential for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh).
- Increased ACh availability → enhances parasympathetic tone → stimulates gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction and peristalsis.
- In topical applications, it promotes epithelialization and granulation tissue formation.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction
- Hemophilia
- Concurrent use with depolarizing muscle relaxants (e.g., succinylcholine)
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rare)
- Mild gastrointestinal distress (cramping, diarrhea)
- Prolonged bleeding time (very rare)
注意事項
Use with extreme caution or avoid in patients with suspected mechanical bowel obstruction. Wait at least 1 hour after succinylcholine administration before giving dexpanthenol. Intravenous administration should be performed slowly or diluted in IV fluids.
藥物交互作用
Dexpanthenol may prolong the muscle relaxant effects of succinylcholine. Administration should be separated by at least 1 hour.
May have additive effects on gastrointestinal motility and parasympathetic tone.
監測
- Clinical signs of gastrointestinal motility (auscultation of bowel sounds)
- Resolution of ileus
- Fecal output
藥物動力學
吸收
Well absorbed following intramuscular or oral administration.
分佈
Widely distributed into body tissues as pantothenic acid.
代謝
Rapidly converted to pantothenic acid in tissues.
排除
Excreted primarily in the urine as unchanged pantothenic acid.
過量
Toxicity is extremely low. Massive overdose may cause mild gastrointestinal distress, cramping, or diarrhea. Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection (250 mg/mL)
- Topical creams and ointments
- Oral nutritional supplements
獸醫用
- Dexpanthenol injection 250 mg/mL (often in combination with other B-vitamins)
人用標示
- Ilopan injection 250 mg/mL
- Various topical creams and ointments (e.g., Bepanthen)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature (15-30°C); protect from freezing. Protect from light if specified by the manufacturer.
飼主須知
右泛醇是維生素B5的一種形式。
- 用途： 用作營養補充劑、幫助刺激術後腸胃蠕動，或添加於乳膏中以舒緩及修復皮膚。
- 安全性： 通常非常安全，副作用極少。偶爾在高劑量下可能會引起輕微腹瀉。
注意： 如果您的寵物被處方含有右泛醇的局部乳膏，請盡量防止牠們舔舐塗抹部位，直到藥物完全吸收。
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