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敵敵畏 / 二氯松

Dichlorvos

2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP)

有機磷抗寄生蟲藥POEnvironmental (Strip/Spray)小型哺乳類豬

別名: Atgard · Ravap E.C. · Vapona No Pest Strip · DDVP · 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate · NSC-6738 · OMS-14 · SD-1750

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

Hang 5 cm of a dichlorvos strip (e.g., Vapona No Pest Strip) 6 inches above cage for 24 hours, twice weekly for 3 weeks; OR hang in room for 24 hours once a week for 6 weeks; OR a 1 inch square laid on cage for 24 hours once a week for 6 weeksEnvironmental· Twice weekly or once weekly· 3 to 6 weeks

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

小型哺乳類

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Ectoparasite controlHang 5 cm of a dichlorvos strip (e.g., Vapona No Pest Strip) 6 inches above cage for 24 hours, twice weekly for 3 weeks; OR hang in room for 24 hours once a week for 6 weeks; OR a 1 inch square laid on cage for 24 hours once a week for 6 weeksEnvironmentalTwice weekly or once weekly3 to 6 weeks🌎 NA
  • Ectoparasite control: For Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas

豬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Internal parasites (Ascaris, Trichuris, Ascarops strongylina, Oesophagostomum spp.)Specific amounts of feed per packet are dependent on pig weight. See the label for specific recommendations.POOnceSingle treatment🌎 NA
  • Internal parasites (Ascaris, Trichuris, Ascarops strongylina, Oesophagostomum spp.): Administered by adding to feed (crumble-type or dry meal).

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概覽

敵敵畏（通常縮寫為 DDVP）是一種高揮發性的​有機磷​化合物，歷史上被用作廣效驅蟲藥和體外寄生蟲殺滅劑。

  • ​獸醫用途​：主要用於豬隻的口服驅蟲（針對蛔蟲、鞭蟲和結節蟲），以及作為小型哺乳動物和環境蒼蠅控制的體外寄生蟲殺滅劑（例如「防蟲吊牌」）。
  • ​歷史背景​：雖然它曾經可用於狗、貓和馬的體內驅蟲，但在這些物種中，它已完全被更新、更安全且更有效的驅蟲藥（如巨環內酯類和苯并咪唑類）所取代。

​臨床要點​：由於敵敵畏具有高揮發性，它非常適合用於樹脂吊牌中，將化學物質緩慢釋放到空氣中，以控制密閉空間內的飛蟲和體外寄生蟲。

作用機轉

Dichlorvos acts by phosphorylating and inhibiting the enzyme ​acetylcholinesterase (AChE)​.

  • AChE Inhibition → Prevents the breakdown of the neurotransmitter ​acetylcholine (ACh)​.
  • ACh Accumulation → Continuous overstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction and autonomic synapses.
  • In susceptible parasites, this sustained depolarization leads to spastic paralysis and subsequent death.

Pharmacological Note: Organophosphate binding to AChE can become irreversible over time through a process called "aging." Prompt treatment of toxicity is required before aging occurs.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Concurrent use of other cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs, pesticides, or chemicals
  • Allowing fowl access to medicated feed or manure from treated animals

不良反應

  • Vomiting
  • Tremors
  • Bradycardia
  • Respiratory distress
  • Hyperexcitability
  • Salivation
  • Diarrhea

注意事項

Avoid contact with the skin and keep strictly out of reach of children. Unused medication or medicated feed should be buried 18 inches below the ground and covered so that it is unavailable to any other animal. Do not use within a few days of any other cholinesterase-inhibiting drug, pesticide, or chemical.

藥物交互作用

Acepromazine (and other phenothiazines)

May potentiate organophosphate toxicity; should not be given within one month of worming with an organophosphate.

Anticholinesterase drugs (e.g., neostigmine, physostigmine, pyridostigmine)

Additive cholinesterase inhibition; avoid concurrent use.

DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide)

Has anticholinesterase activity; avoid concurrent use with organophosphates.

Morphine

Can inhibit cholinesterase; avoid concurrent use.

Pyrantel pamoate or tartrate

Adverse effects could be intensified if used concomitantly.

Succinylcholine

Prolonged neuromuscular blockade; do not use depolarizing muscle relaxants for at least 48 hours after organophosphate administration.

監測

  • Efficacy (resolution of parasite burden)
  • Signs of organophosphate toxicity (SLUDDE signs, tremors, respiratory distress)

過量

Toxicity Warning: Organophosphate overdosage causes severe cholinergic crisis, classically remembered by the acronym SLUDDE (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Dyspnea, Emesis).

Clinical Signs of Toxicity:

  • Vomiting, diarrhea, and hypersalivation.
  • Muscle tremors, hyperexcitability, and seizures.
  • Bradycardia and severe respiratory distress (bronchoconstriction and increased secretions).

Treatment & Antidotes:

  • Atropine: Acts as a muscarinic receptor antagonist to control life-threatening bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, and excessive secretions.
  • ​Pralidoxime (2-PAM)​: An AChE reactivator that can reverse neuromuscular blockade (tremors/weakness) if administered before the enzyme-toxin complex "ages."
  • Avoid: Succinylcholine, theophylline, aminophylline, reserpine, or respiratory depressant drugs (e.g., narcotics, phenothiazines).
  • Human Exposure: If ingested by a human, immediately contact a poison control center, physician, or hospital emergency room.

可用產品

劑型

  • Feed additive (crumble-type or dry meal)
  • Premise spray/liquid
  • Resin strips (e.g., No Pest Strip)

獸醫用

  • Atgard C (Dichlorvos Feed Additive)
  • Atgard Swine Wormer (Dichlorvos Feed Additive)
  • Ravap E.C. (Dichlorvos with Tetrachlorvinphos Premise and Topical Insecticide)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store Atgard swine wormer at less than 80°F (26.6°C). Dichlorvos feed additives should not be stored at temperatures below freezing. Dichlorvos is sensitive to hydrolysis and will degrade if exposed to moisture or oxidizing agents.

飼主須知

​安全第一​

  • ​請置於兒童和寵物接觸不到的地方。​ 有機磷若被不當吞食或吸收，具有高毒性。
  • 處理敵敵畏液體製劑（例如環境噴霧）時必須極度小心。請戴上手套，避免皮膚接觸，並嚴格遵守所有標籤指示。

​給豬隻飼主的建議​

  • 使用口服驅蟲顆粒時，您可能會在動物的糞便中看到未消化的顆粒排出。這是完全正常的現象，並不代表藥物無效。
  • 請勿讓家禽或野鳥接觸到含藥飼料或已治療動物的糞便。
  • 將任何未使用的含藥飼料掩埋在地下至少 18 英寸處，以防止其他動物意外中毒。

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