茶苯海明 (苯海拉明複合物)
Dimenhydrinate
Diphenhydramine teoclate (8-chlorotheophylline and diphenhydramine complex)
別名: Dramamine · Gravol · Dimetabs · Triptone · Dinate · Dramanate · Dymenate · chloranautine · dimenhydrinatum · diphenhydramine teoclate · diphenhydramine theoclate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevention and treatment of motion sickness (antiemetic) | 4-8 mg/kg | PO | three times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Prevention and treatment of motion sickness | 4-8 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Antihistamine | 4-8 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevention and treatment of motion sickness/vomiting | 8 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Prevention and treatment of motion sickness/vomiting | 4-8 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Antihistamine | 4 mg per cat | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of pancreatitis | 8 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
茶苯海明是一種第一代H1受體拮抗劑，以人類品牌藥物Dramamine®（暈車藥）廣為人知。它是由苯海拉明（約54%）和8-氯茶鹼（約46%，一種溫和的興奮劑，用於抵消抗組織胺的鎮靜作用）組成的鹽類複合物。
在獸醫學中，它主要利用其止吐特性來預防和治療犬貓的暈車/暈動症。
臨床要點：
- 因為組織胺被認為不是引起貓咪嘔吐的主要介質，其他止吐藥（如maropitant、prochlorperazine）對貓咪暈車可能更有效。
- 它常被視為「半強度的苯海拉明」，可用於任何需要H1受體阻斷劑的情況。
- 它可作為貓胰臟炎的輔助治療，以減少組織胺介導的微血管通透性增加。
作用機轉
Dimenhydrinate exhibits antihistaminic (H1), antiemetic, anticholinergic, CNS depressant, and local anesthetic effects, primarily driven by the diphenhydramine moiety.
- H1-Receptor Antagonism: Competitively blocks histamine at H1 receptors → prevents histamine-mediated responses in the GI tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract.
- Antiemetic/Vestibular Effect: Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors → inhibits acetylcholine stimulation of the vestibular and reticular systems → reduces motion sickness.
- Pancreatitis Application: H1 blockade → reduces histamine-mediated increases in microvasculature permeability → potentially limits hemorrhagic necrosis in feline pancreatitis.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to dimenhydrinate or other antihistamines in its class
- Angle closure glaucoma (use with caution)
- Prostatic hypertrophy (use with caution)
- Pyloroduodenal or bladder neck obstruction (use with caution)
- COPD if mucosal secretions are a problem (use with caution)
- Hyperthyroidism, seizure disorders, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension (use with caution)
不良反應
- CNS depression (lethargy, somnolence)
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention)
- GI effects (diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia - less common)
注意事項
Working Dogs: The sedative effects of antihistamines may adversely affect the performance of working dogs.
Allergy Testing: Antihistamines can decrease the wheal and flare response to antigen skin testing. Discontinue at least 4 days before testing.
- Tolerance to the CNS depressant effects can ensue after a few days of therapy, and antiemetic effectiveness may also diminish with prolonged use.
- Safe for use during pregnancy if used cautiously (FDA Category B in humans; Papich Class B in veterinary). Small amounts are excreted in milk but are unlikely to pose much risk to nursing offspring.
藥物交互作用
May potentiate the anticholinergic effects of other anticholinergic drugs.
Increased sedation can occur if combined with other CNS depressants.
May mask the clinical signs of ototoxicity; use with caution when administering concomitantly.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in vomiting/motion sickness)
- Adverse effects (sedation, anticholinergic signs such as dry mouth or urinary retention)
藥物動力學
吸收
Well absorbed after oral administration. Antiemetic effects occur within 30 minutes of PO administration. Antiemetic effects occur almost immediately after IV injection. Duration of effect is usually 3-6 hours.
分佈
Small amounts are excreted in milk. Crosses the blood-brain barrier.
代謝
Diphenhydramine is metabolized in the liver.
排除
The majority of the drug is excreted as metabolites into the urine.
過量
Overdosage may cause CNS stimulation (excitement to seizures) or depression (lethargy to coma), anticholinergic effects, respiratory depression, and death.
Treatment:
- Empty the gut if ingestion was oral. Induce emesis if the patient is alert and CNS status is stable.
- Administration of a saline cathartic and/or activated charcoal may be given after emesis or gastric lavage.
- Symptomatic and supportive therapies.
- Phenytoin (IV) is recommended in the treatment of seizures caused by antihistamine overdose in humans; use of barbiturates and diazepam are avoided.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets
- Chewable tablets
- Oral liquid/suspension
- Injection
人用標示
- Dimenhydrinate Oral Tablets: 50 mg (regular & chewable) (Dramamine®, Dimetabs®, Triptone®)
- Dimenhydrinate Oral Liquid: 12.5 mg/4 mL, 12.5 mg/5 mL, 15.62 mg/5 mL (Dramamine®, Children's Dramamine®)
- Dimenhydrinate Injection: 50 mg/mL in 1 mL and 10 mL vials (Dinate®, Dramanate®, Dymenate®)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature; avoid freezing the oral solution and injectable products. Oral solution should be stored in tight containers; tablets stored in well-closed containers.
飼主須知
旅行提示：為了預防暈車，請在開始旅行前30至60分鐘給予藥物以達到最佳效果。
- 鎮靜作用：此藥物通常會引起嗜睡和精神不振。請確保您的寵物處於安全的環境中。
- 口乾：您的寵物可能會感到口乾；請確保隨時提供新鮮的飲水。
- 人類藥物警告：請勿使用人類的綜合感冒藥或過敏藥（可能含有解鼻充血劑或如普拿疼等止痛藥），因為這些對寵物具有高度毒性。只能使用獸醫師推薦的確切產品。
- 如果您發現寵物出現嚴重的焦躁不安、癲癇發作或排尿困難，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。