多佐胺
Dorzolamide
Dorzolamide hydrochloride
別名: Trusopt · CoSopt · Dorzolamide hydrochloride
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glaucoma | 1 drop/eye | topical | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Glaucoma: Dorzolamide/timolol combination may be more effective in dogs than either drug alone.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glaucoma | 1 drop/eye | topical | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Glaucoma: Maximal IOP lowering efficiency occurs with dorzolamide alone.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
多佐胺 (Dorzolamide) 是一種局部碳酸酐酶抑制劑，主要用於治療犬貓的青光眼。可單獨使用或與β受體阻斷劑噻嗎洛爾 (Timolol) 合併使用。
臨床提示： 雖然複方製劑在犬隻中通常更有效，但貓通常僅使用多佐胺即可達到最大的眼壓 (IOP) 降低效果。請注意，其酸性 pH 值 (5.6) 在點眼時可能會比布林佐胺 (Brinzolamide) 引起更多的刺痛感。
作用機轉
Inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body epithelium → reduces the formation of bicarbonate ions → decreases fluid transport → reduces aqueous humour production → lowers intraocular pressure (IOP).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Severe hepatic impairment
- Severe renal impairment
- Uveitis (if using timolol combination)
- Anterior lens luxation (if using timolol combination)
不良反應
- Local irritation
- Blepharitis
- Keratitis
- Salivation
- Inappetance
- Bradycardia (with timolol combination)
- Hypotension (with timolol combination)
- Hypokalaemia (cats, rare)
- Metabolic acidosis (dogs, rare)
注意事項
Irritation: May cause more local irritation than brinzolamide due to its pH of 5.6. Systemic Absorption: Though applied topically, systemic absorption can occur, rarely leading to hypokalaemia in cats or metabolic acidosis in dogs. Timolol Combination: Timolol causes miosis and should be avoided in cases of uveitis or anterior lens luxation.
監測
- Intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Signs of local irritation (blepharitis, keratitis)
- Serum potassium in cats (if used long-term)
- Acid-base status in dogs (if used long-term)
藥物動力學
吸收
Absorbed locally into the eye. Systemic absorption can occur via the nasolacrimal duct.
分佈
Accumulates in red blood cells due to binding to carbonic anhydrase II.
代謝
Metabolized to N-desethyl dorzolamide, which also inhibits carbonic anhydrase.
排除
Excreted primarily unchanged in the urine.
過量
No specific information provided in the monograph. Excessive topical application may increase the risk of systemic absorption, potentially leading to metabolic acidosis or hypokalaemia.
可用產品
劑型
- Ophthalmic drops: 20 mg/ml (2%) (Trusopt)
- Ophthalmic drops: 2% dorzolamide + 0.5% timolol (CoSopt)
人用標示
- Trusopt 20 mg/ml (2%) ophthalmic drops
- CoSopt 2% dorzolamide + 0.5% timolol ophthalmic drops
各地核准狀態
Human approved drug used off-label in veterinary medicine.
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature. Protect from light. Single-use vials should be used immediately after opening.
飼主須知
給藥方式： 點眼藥水前後請洗手。請勿讓滴管尖端接觸眼睛或任何表面。 間隔時間： 如果使用多種眼藥水，請在兩次給藥之間至少等待 5-10 分鐘。 副作用： 您的寵物可能會經歷暫時的刺痛、瞇眼或流口水增加（特別是在貓，因為苦味會排入嘴裡）。
如果眼睛變得更紅、混濁，或者您的寵物停止進食，請聯繫您的獸醫。
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