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多沙普侖

Doxapram

Doxapram hydrochloride

中樞神經/呼吸興奮劑IVIMSCSublingualUmbilical vein狗貓小型哺乳類鳥爬蟲類馬牛

別名: Dopram-V · Respiram · Docatone · Doxapril · AHR-619 · doxaprami hydrochloridum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

經審核的 v13 劑量證據

經審核的非計算證據
經審核的非計算證據 (4)

僅供證據參考，不會自動計算

Most species/respiratory stimulant

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Doxapram. Dosage: 20 mg/kg IM, IV, IO232. Species/Comments: Most species/respiratory stimulant.

IMIOIV
高風險須由已驗證獸醫確認drug_regimen方案年份 2019審核 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

僅供證據參考，不會自動計算

American alligators/immediate dose-dependent increase in breathing frequency

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Doxapram. Dosage: 5–10 mg/kg IV303. Species/Comments: American alligators/immediate dose-dependent increase in breathing frequency.

IV
高風險須由已驗證獸醫確認drug_regimen方案年份 2019審核 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

僅供證據參考，不會自動計算

Most species/respiratory stimulant

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Doxapram. Dosage: 4–12 mg/kg IM, IV295. Species/Comments: Most species/respiratory stimulant.

IMIV
高風險須由已驗證獸醫確認drug_regimen方案年份 2019審核 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

僅供證據參考，不會自動計算

Most species/respiratory stimulant; reduces recovery time; reported to partially “reverse” effects of dissociatives183

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Doxapram. Dosage: 5 mg/kg IM, IV22 q10min prn. Species/Comments: Most species/respiratory stimulant; reduces recovery time; reported to partially “reverse” effects of dissociatives183.

IMIV
高風險須由已驗證獸醫確認drug_regimen方案年份 2019審核 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

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概覽

多沙普侖（Doxapram）是一種中樞神經系統（CNS）和呼吸興奮劑。在獸醫學中，它主要用於麻醉期間或麻醉後的呼吸刺激，以加速甦醒。它在輕度麻醉下​評估喉部功能​（如診斷喉頭麻痺）時也具有獨特的價值，因為它能刺激深吸氣動作，使杓狀軟骨的運動更容易被觀察評估。

​臨床重點：​ 過去常規將此藥物（通常經舌下或臍靜脈給藥）用於難產或剖腹產後新生兒的呼吸急救。​但目前此用法備受爭議。​ 多沙普侖會顯著增加心肌與腦部的耗氧量，對於已經處於缺氧狀態的新生兒可能會造成損害。現今的新生兒急救指南強烈建議優先使用清除呼吸道、提供氧氣以及正壓人工呼吸（機械性通氣支持），而非依賴此類中樞興奮藥物。

作用機轉

Doxapram is a generalized CNS stimulant. Its respiratory effects are primarily driven by:

  1. Direct stimulation of the medullary respiratory centers.
  2. Reflex activation of peripheral carotid and aortic chemoreceptors.

This dual action leads to transient increases in tidal volume and respiratory rate.

​Mechanistic Note:​ While doxapram increases respiratory effort, it simultaneously increases the overall work of breathing, metabolic rate, and carbon dioxide production. Consequently, it does not reliably improve arterial oxygenation, which is why it cannot replace mechanical ventilation in severely hypoxic patients.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Patients receiving mechanical ventilation
  • Hypersensitivity to doxapram
  • Seizure disorders
  • Head trauma or cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)
  • Uncompensated heart failure
  • Severe hypertension
  • Respiratory failure secondary to neuromuscular disorders
  • Airway obstruction
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Pneumothorax
  • Acute asthma
  • Dyspnea
  • Hypoxia not associated with hypercapnia
  • Premature calves or patients with clinical signs of lung immaturity

不良反應

  • Hypertension
  • Arrhythmias
  • Tachycardia
  • Seizures (at high doses)
  • Hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis
  • Increased myocardial oxygen demand
  • Reduced cerebral blood flow
  • Skeletal muscle hyperactivity

注意事項

Use with extreme caution in patients with a history of asthma, arrhythmias, tachycardias, cerebral edema, increased CSF pressure, pheochromocytoma, or hyperthyroidism. Doxapram is NOT a substitute for aggressive artificial (mechanical) respiratory support. Avoid IV extravasation or using a single injection site for a prolonged period. Repeated IV doses in neonates should be administered with caution because the commercial product contains benzyl alcohol as a preservative.

藥物交互作用

General Anesthetics (e.g., halothane, enflurane)

Doxapram may increase epinephrine release and sensitize the myocardium to catecholamines. Use should be delayed for ~10 minutes after discontinuing these anesthetics.

Muscle Relaxants

Doxapram may mask the effects of muscle relaxant drugs.

Sympathomimetic Agents

Additive pressor (blood pressure increasing) effects may occur.

監測

  • Respiratory rate and effort
  • Cardiac rate and rhythm
  • Blood gases (if available and indicated)
  • CNS level of excitation and reflexes
  • Blood pressure (if indicated)

藥物動力學

吸收

Onset of effect after IV injection usually occurs rapidly, within 2 minutes.

分佈

The drug is well distributed into tissues.

代謝

In dogs, doxapram is rapidly metabolized.

排除

Most is excreted as metabolites in the urine within 24-48 hours after administration. Small quantities of metabolites may be excreted up to 120 hours after dosing.

過量

The reported LD50 for IV administration in neonatal dogs and cats is approximately 75 mg/kg.

​Clinical signs of overdosage include:​

  • Respiratory alkalosis
  • Hypertension
  • Skeletal muscle hyperactivity
  • Tachycardia
  • Generalized CNS excitation, including seizures

​Treatment:​ Treatment is primarily supportive. Drugs such as short-acting IV barbiturates may be used to help decrease CNS hyperactivity. Oxygen therapy may be necessary.

可用產品

劑型

  • Injection: 20 mg/mL

獸醫用

  • Doxapram HCl for Injection: 20 mg/mL in 20 mL multi-dose vials (Dopram-V, Respiram)

人用標示

  • Doxapram HCl for Injection: 20 mg/mL in 20 mL multi-dose vials (Dopram, generic)

各地核准狀態

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儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature and avoid freezing the solution. Do not mix with alkaline solutions (e.g., thiopental, aminophylline, sodium bicarbonate). Doxapram is physically compatible with D5W or normal saline.

飼主須知

多沙普侖是一種急救與麻醉輔助藥物，​僅限在動物醫院內​由專業人員直接監督下使用。

  • 您的獸醫師可能會在寵物從麻醉中甦醒時，使用此藥物來幫助刺激其呼吸。
  • 它也常用於特定的診斷程序中，例如評估懷疑患有喉頭麻痺的狗狗的喉部（聲匣）功能。
  • 由於它會刺激中樞神經系統，在給予此藥物期間，醫療團隊會密切監測您寵物的心跳速率、呼吸頻率以及神經系統狀態。

VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。