依滅丁與吡喹酮 (Emodepside and Praziquantel)
Emodepside and Praziquantel
Emodepside: N-methylated 24-membered cyclooctadepsipeptide; Praziquantel: Pyrazinoisoquinoline derivative
別名: Profender · EMBAY-8440 · praziquantelum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm, and tapeworm infections | Minimum dose is 3 mg/kg emodepside & 12 mg/kg praziquantel applied to the skin on the back of the neck as a single topical dose. If re-infection occurs, the product can be re-applied after 30 days. | topical | once | Single dose | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm, and tapeworm infections: A second treatment should not be necessary unless re-infection occurs.
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parasitic infections (off-label) | 4 drops/100 g body weight | topical | once | Single dose | 🌎 NA |
- Parasitic infections (off-label): Aquatic species must be kept in a dry place for 48 hours after treatment. Caution is advised until further studies verify safety and efficacy, particularly in sick animals.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
依滅丁/吡喹酮（常見商品名為 Profender® 滴即除）是一種廣效、局部外用的抗寄生蟲複方藥物，主要用於貓咪。
- 依滅丁 (Emodepside) 是一種新型的環八縮酚酸肽，對線蟲（蛔蟲和鉤蟲）具有極佳的療效。
- 吡喹酮 (Praziquantel) 是一種廣泛使用的異喹啉-吡嗪衍生物，對絛蟲具有高度療效。
臨床要點：
- 局部滴劑的劑型對於難以餵食口服藥的貓咪患者具有顯著優勢，能大幅減少寵物與飼主的壓力。
- 雖然標示用於貓咪，但在特寵醫學中也常被標示外使用（off-label），特別是在難以口服給藥的爬蟲類動物。
- 藥物會經由皮膚吸收至全身；因此，防止動物舔舐塗抹部位對於避免腸胃不適及確保正確劑量至關重要。
作用機轉
The combination utilizes two distinct mechanisms to eradicate parasites:
- Emodepside (Nematocide): Binds pre-synaptically at the neuromuscular junction to a latrophilin-like receptor → increases intracellular calcium and diacylglycerol → triggers fusion of vesicles containing inhibitory neuropeptides → releases PF1- and/or PF2-like receptors into the synaptic cleft → stimulates postsynaptic receptors. This cascade results in the profound inhibition of pharyngeal pumping and locomotion, leading to flaccid paralysis and death of the nematode.
- Praziquantel (Cestocide): Interacts with phospholipids in the parasite's integument → causes rapid intracellular ion fluxes (sodium, potassium, and calcium) → induces severe, irreversible tetanic contraction of the worm's musculature. At higher concentrations, it causes irreversible focal vacuolization and subsequent disintegration of the cestodal integument, making the parasite susceptible to the host's immune system.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Cats less than 8 weeks of age
- Cats weighing less than 1 kg (2.2 lb)
不良反應
- Application site reactions (alopecia, dermatitis, pyoderma, edema, erythema, pruritus)
- Salivation/hypersalivation (especially if licked)
- Lethargy
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Agitation or nervousness
- Tremors or twitching
- Ataxia
- Eye or respiratory irritation
- Rare post-approval reports: facial swelling, rear leg paralysis, seizures, hyperesthesia, morphea-like (scleroderma) lesion
注意事項
Use with caution in sick, debilitated, or heartworm-positive cats. Safe use has not been evaluated in breeding, pregnant, or lactating queens (studies in laboratory animals suggest emodepside may interfere with fetal development). Do not apply to broken skin or wet hair coats. Prevent the patient or other animals from licking the application site for at least one hour.
藥物交互作用
Emodepside is a P-glycoprotein substrate; concurrent use may cause pharmacokinetic interactions and potentially increase toxicity or alter efficacy.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of clinical signs, negative fecal flotation/sedimentation)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Absorbed relatively rapidly through the skin into systemic circulation. Serum concentrations are detectable within 2 hours for emodepside and 1 hour for praziquantel. In reptiles, absorption varies based on skin thickness.
分佈
Systemically distributed following transdermal absorption.
代謝
Not extensively detailed in the monograph; emodepside is known to be a P-glycoprotein substrate.
排除
Both active ingredients remain detectable for up to 28 days following a single topical treatment.
過量
Both drugs generally have a wide margin of safety.
- Topical Overdose: In 8-week-old kittens treated topically at 5X the recommended dose, transient salivation and/or tremors were observed but were self-limiting. In 7- to 8-month-old cats treated at 10X the dose, transient salivation, tremor, and lethargy occurred.
- Oral Exposure: Accidental oral ingestion (e.g., licking the application site) can cause salivation, vomiting, anorexia, tremors, abnormal respirations, and ataxia. These signs typically resolve without specific treatment.
- Praziquantel Toxicity: Parenteral doses of 50-100 mg/kg in cats caused transient ataxia and depression; injected doses of 200 mg/kg were lethal.
可用產品
劑型
- Topical solution
獸醫用
- Emodepside (1.98% w/w; 21.4 mg/mL) and Praziquantel (7.94% w/w; 85.8 mg/mL) Topical Solution in 0.35 mL (cats 2.2-5.5 lb), 0.7 mL (cats >5.5-11 lb), & 1.12 mL (cats >11-17.6 lb) tubes: Profender® (Bayer)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store product at or below 25°C (77°F); do not allow to freeze.
飼主須知
重要塗抹指示： 請將藥液直接滴在貓咪後頸/頭部基底的皮膚上。這個位置可以將貓咪理毛時舔食藥物的機會降到最低。
- 請勿塗抹於受損皮膚或濕潤的毛髮上。
- 防止舔舐： 塗抹後至少一小時內，請勿讓貓咪舔舐塗抹部位。口服接觸可能會導致流口水、嘔吐和顫抖。
- 多寵物家庭： 請將剛點藥的動物與其他寵物短暫隔離，以防止牠們互相舔舐理毛。
- 人類安全： 非供人類使用。請置於兒童無法觸及處。為防止意外接觸，兒童在點藥後 24 小時內不應接觸塗抹部位。孕婦或可能懷孕的婦女應避免直接接觸本產品，或在塗抹時戴上拋棄式手套。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。