必需脂肪酸 (Omega-3 / Omega-6)
Essential Fatty Acids
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Linoleic acid (LA)
別名: EFA-Caps · Fish Oil · Omega-3 · Omega-6 · Polyunsaturated fatty acids · PUFAs · EPA · DHA · Linoleic acid
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
各物種劑量
此藥的劑量資料尚未收錄於 VetSheet 藥典，以下其他章節資料完整。開立處方前請參閱最新仿單。
概覽
必需脂肪酸 (EFAs) 是動物體內無法自行合成、必須透過飲食攝取的多不飽和脂肪。在獸醫學中，主要利用其抗發炎特性來維持皮膚、心血管、腎臟及關節健康。
- Omega-3 脂肪酸 (EPA, DHA) 通常萃取自海洋生物 (魚油)，以減輕發炎反應聞名。
- Omega-6 脂肪酸 (亞麻油酸) 對於維持表皮脂質屏障及毛髮品質至關重要。
臨床要點： 現代寵物飲食通常含有過多的 Omega-6，因此補充 Omega-3 對於控制骨關節炎、異位性皮膚炎及慢性腎病等發炎性疾病非常有益。
作用機轉
Omega-3s (EPA/DHA) compete with arachidonic acid (an Omega-6) for the enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX).
- EPA/DHA → COX/LOX → Production of less inflammatory eicosanoids (e.g., 3-series prostaglandins and 5-series leukotrienes) instead of the highly inflammatory 2-series prostaglandins and 4-series leukotrienes.
- Omega-6s (Linoleic Acid) → incorporated into the stratum corneum → improves water barrier function and reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Patients with a history of pancreatitis
- Patients with bleeding disorders (use with caution)
不良反應
- Gastrointestinal upset (diarrhea, vomiting)
- Weight gain
- Altered platelet function (high doses)
- Pancreatitis (rare, in susceptible individuals due to fat content)
注意事項
Use with caution in patients prone to pancreatitis or those with bleeding diatheses. High doses may prolong bleeding times. Adjust dietary caloric intake to account for the extra calories from fat.
藥物交互作用
May increase risk of bleeding due to altered platelet aggregation
Synergistic anti-inflammatory effect (often beneficial, allowing for lower NSAID doses)
監測
- Clinical response (improvement in coat, mobility, or renal values)
- Fecal consistency
- Signs of bleeding (if on high doses)
藥物動力學
吸收
Absorbed from the small intestine via micelle formation requiring bile acids and pancreatic lipase.
分佈
Incorporated into cell membranes systemically, including skin, joints, and nervous tissue.
代謝
Metabolized via beta-oxidation for energy or converted by COX/LOX enzymes into eicosanoids.
排除
Excreted primarily as carbon dioxide and water; small amounts in feces.
過量
Acute overdose may cause significant gastrointestinal distress, including vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially pancreatitis. Chronic massive overdose may lead to coagulopathies or delayed wound healing. Treatment is supportive.
可用產品
劑型
- Capsules
- Liquid pumps
- Chews
獸醫用
- EFA-Caps
- Welactin
- Free Form
- Allerderm
- Derm Caps
人用標示
- Various OTC Fish Oil / Omega-3 / Omega-6 supplements
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store capsules at room temperature away from light and moisture. Liquid formulations should often be refrigerated after opening to prevent oxidation (rancidity).
飼主須知
必需脂肪酸是一種營養補充品，有助於減少發炎並改善皮膚、毛髮和關節健康。
- 給藥方式： 請隨餐餵食，以減少腸胃不適的機會並促進吸收。
- 需要耐心： 通常需要連續使用 4 到 8 週，才能看到皮膚或關節狀況有明顯改善。
注意： 液體製劑請冷藏保存以防變質。如果產品聞起來有異常的「魚腥味」或異味，請丟棄。
- 請留意是否有腹瀉或嘔吐的跡象，若有發生請聯繫您的獸醫師。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。