黃酮哌酯
黃酮哌酯 (Flavoxate) 是一種泌尿道解痙劑，主要作為治療犬隻**逼尿肌過度痙攣**（膀胱過動症或急迫性尿失禁）的替代療法。 * 當單獨使用**苯丙醇胺 (Phenylpropanolamine, PPA)** 等標準療法無法有效控制尿失禁時，本藥物特別有用。 * > **臨床要點：** 雖然由於缺乏藥代動力學數據，在獸醫學中不常使用，但其兼具平滑肌鬆弛和抗毒蕈鹼的雙重作用，使其成為治療急迫性尿失禁的寶貴二線或輔助藥物。
作用機制: Flavoxate exerts its effects through two primary mechanisms: * **Direct Smooth Muscle Relaxation**: It acts directly on the smooth muscle of the urinary tract, reducing spasms and increasing bladder capacity. * **Antimuscarinic Activity**: It competitively antagonizes **muscarinic acetylcholine receptors** in the detrusor muscle → inhibits parasympathetic nerve impulses → reduces involuntary bladder contractions. Unlike pure anticholinergics, its direct musculotropic effect provides targeted relief of urinary tract spasms.
各物種劑量
- To decrease urinary bladder contractility · 100-200 mg (per dog) · PO · q6-8h
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Pyloric or duodenal obstruction
- Obstructive intestinal lesions or ileus
- Achalasia
- Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
- Obstructive uropathies of the lower urinary tract
不良反應
- Weakness
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Changes in activity level
藥物相互作用
- Anticholinergic drugs · Concomitant use may cause additive anticholinergic effects.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (improvement in continence)
- Adverse effects (especially weakness and GI signs)
- Occasional CBCs (to monitor for neutropenia if used chronically)
- Creatinine (to monitor for renal dysfunction if used chronically)
過量
The approximate oral LD-50 for rats and mice are 4300 mg/kg and 1800 mg/kg respectively. While it has a wide margin of safety, massive overdose would likely result in severe anticholinergic signs (e.g., dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, GI stasis). Treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。