黃酮哌酯
Flavoxate
Flavoxate Hydrochloride
別名: Urispas · flavoxato · AK 123 · Rec 7-0040
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To decrease urinary bladder contractility | 100-200 mg (per dog) | PO | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
黃酮哌酯 (Flavoxate) 是一種泌尿道解痙劑，主要作為治療犬隻逼尿肌過度痙攣（膀胱過動症或急迫性尿失禁）的替代療法。
- 當單獨使用苯丙醇胺 (Phenylpropanolamine, PPA) 等標準療法無法有效控制尿失禁時，本藥物特別有用。
-
臨床要點： 雖然由於缺乏藥代動力學數據，在獸醫學中不常使用，但其兼具平滑肌鬆弛和抗毒蕈鹼的雙重作用，使其成為治療急迫性尿失禁的寶貴二線或輔助藥物。
作用機轉
Flavoxate exerts its effects through two primary mechanisms:
- Direct Smooth Muscle Relaxation: It acts directly on the smooth muscle of the urinary tract, reducing spasms and increasing bladder capacity.
- Antimuscarinic Activity: It competitively antagonizes muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the detrusor muscle → inhibits parasympathetic nerve impulses → reduces involuntary bladder contractions.
Unlike pure anticholinergics, its direct musculotropic effect provides targeted relief of urinary tract spasms.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Pyloric or duodenal obstruction
- Obstructive intestinal lesions or ileus
- Achalasia
- Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
- Obstructive uropathies of the lower urinary tract
不良反應
- Weakness
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Changes in activity level
注意事項
Use with caution in patients with suspected glaucoma.
Reproductive/Nursing Safety:
- FDA Category B in humans (animal studies show no fetal risk, but adequate human studies are lacking).
- It is unknown if the drug is excreted in milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
藥物交互作用
Concomitant use may cause additive anticholinergic effects.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (improvement in continence)
- Adverse effects (especially weakness and GI signs)
- Occasional CBCs (to monitor for neutropenia if used chronically)
- Creatinine (to monitor for renal dysfunction if used chronically)
藥物動力學
吸收
In humans, onset of action is within an hour.
分佈
In humans, peak effects occur at around 2 hours post dose.
代謝
No specific information located for dogs or cats.
排除
In humans, 57% of a dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours.
過量
The approximate oral LD-50 for rats and mice are 4300 mg/kg and 1800 mg/kg respectively. While it has a wide margin of safety, massive overdose would likely result in severe anticholinergic signs (e.g., dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, GI stasis). Treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets
人用標示
- Flavoxate HCl Oral Tablets (film-coated) 100 mg: Urispas® (Ortho-McNeil), generic
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Flavoxate tablets should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C).
飼主須知
用途：黃酮哌酯用於幫助控制狗狗的尿失禁（漏尿）或膀胱過動症，特別是在其他藥物效果不佳時。
注意事項：最常見的副作用是虛弱或活動力明顯下降。也可能出現輕微的腸胃不適。
重要提示： 如果您的狗狗變得過度虛弱、嗜睡或停止進食，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
給藥方式：請嚴格按照處方給藥。未經獸醫師同意，請勿突然停藥。
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