吉非貝齊
Gemfibrozil
5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid (Fibric acid derivative)
別名: Lopid · CI-719 · gemfibrozilo · gemfibrozilium
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertriglyceridemia (not controlled with diet alone) | 150 mg-300 mg (total dose) | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hypertriglyceridemia (not controlled with diet alone) | 200 mg (total dose) | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertriglyceridemia (not controlled with diet alone) | 7.5-10 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hypertriglyceridemia (not controlled with diet alone) | 10 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
吉非貝齊 (Gemfibrozil) 是一種屬於纖維酸類的口服降血脂藥物。
臨床重點： 雖然主要用於人類醫學，但在獸醫學中，當飲食控制（超低脂飲食）無效時，它被標示外用於治療犬貓嚴重的的高三酸甘油酯血症（通常 >500 mg/dL）。迷你雪納瑞是容易患原發性高脂血症的典型犬種，可能需要此療法。
主要特點包括：
- 作為嚴格限制飲食脂肪的輔助療法。
- 可能降低流感相關的死亡率（在小鼠模型中發現），並正在研究作為重症流感的輔助治療。
- 在獸醫學中的臨床經驗非常有限，其療效和安全性尚未完全確立。
作用機轉
Gemfibrozil acts primarily as an agonist for the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-alpha (PPAR-α).
- PPAR-α activation → alters transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
- Increases lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity → enhances clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
- Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue → reduces hepatic uptake of plasma free fatty acids → decreases hepatic production of triglycerides.
- Inhibits the synthesis of apolipoprotein B (the primary carrier protein for VLDL) → reduces VLDL production and the incorporation of long-chain fatty acids into triglycerides.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Severe hepatic dysfunction
- Severe renal dysfunction
- Known hypersensitivity to gemfibrozil
不良反應
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abnormal liver function tests
- Dyspepsia (human)
- CNS effects: headache, somnolence, dizziness (human)
- Myositis (human)
- Bone marrow depression (rare, human)
注意事項
Use with extreme caution in dogs or cats as very limited safety data is available for this medication.
Pregnancy Warning: In humans, it is FDA Category C. Animal studies (rats/rabbits) have shown decreased fertility rates, decreased litter sizes, and skeletal abnormalities at doses near the human dose. Safe use during nursing cannot be assured.
藥物交互作用
May possibly increase triglyceride concentrations
May possibly increase triglyceride concentrations
May possibly increase triglyceride concentrations
May reduce effectiveness of gemfibrozil
Gemfibrozil may potentiate anticoagulant effects
監測
- Plasma triglycerides (realistic goal for therapy is 400 mg/dL or less)
- Baseline and periodic CBC
- Baseline and periodic liver function tests
- Adverse clinical effects (GI upset, behavior changes)
- Client adherence to prescribed diet and dosing schedule
藥物動力學
吸收
In humans, rapidly and completely absorbed from the GI tract. Rate and extent of absorption are greatest when administered 30 minutes before a meal. (No veterinary data available).
分佈
Highly bound to plasma protein. Highest concentrations are found in the liver and kidneys.
代謝
Hepatic metabolism; 4 major metabolites are formed in humans.
排除
Primarily excreted in the urine.
過量
Limited veterinary information is available. The reported LD50 (oral) in rats is 1414 mg/kg.
- Treatment: Consider gut-emptying protocols for recent large oral ingestions and provide supportive care as required.
- Monitoring: Monitor for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance if vomiting and/or diarrhea is severe or persists. Monitor liver function tests.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets
- Oral capsules
人用標示
- Gemfibrozil Oral Tablets: 600 mg (Lopid®, generic)
- Gemfibrozil Oral Capsules: 300 mg (Available in Canada)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store tablets or capsules below 30°C (86°F) in tight containers.
飼主須知
吉非貝齊用於幫助降低寵物血液中過高的三酸甘油酯（脂肪）水平。
重要提示： 此藥物是嚴格低脂飲食的輔助，不能取代飲食控制。如果您的寵物吃了高脂肪的零食或食物，藥物可能將無法發揮作用。
- 給藥方式： 為了獲得最佳吸收效果，請盡量在飯前約 30 分鐘給予此藥物。
- 試驗性使用： 該藥物已獲 FDA 批准用於人類，但其在犬貓中的使用被視為「標示外」或試驗性使用。
- 注意事項： 如果您發現寵物行為改變、活動力下降、腸胃不適（嘔吐、腹瀉、食慾不振）或眼睛/牙齦發黃（黃疸），請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
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