格列美脲
Glimepiride
1-[[p-[2-(3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-pyrroline-1-carboxamido)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)urea
別名: Amarel · Amarylle · Euglim · Glimepil · Solosa · Roname · HOE-490
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of NIDDM | 2 mg (total dose) per cat | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of NIDDM | 1-2 mg (total dose per cat) | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
口服、每日一次的降血糖藥物；可作為貓非胰島素依賴型糖尿病 (NIDDM) 的輔助治療。在貓的臨床經驗非常有限。
作用機轉
Glimepiride is a medium- to long-acting secretagogue sulfonylurea.
Primary Mechanism:
- Binds to the SUR1 receptor on the membrane of functioning pancreatic beta cells.
- Closes ATP-sensitive potassium (K+) channels → cell depolarization.
- Opens voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels → calcium influx.
- Triggers the exocytosis and release of insulin granules into the bloodstream.
Secondary Mechanism:
- With continued use, it may also increase peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin, reducing insulin resistance.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to glimepiride or other sulfonylureas
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
不良反應
- Hypoglycemia
- Dizziness
- Asthenia
- Liver function impairment (rare)
- Allergic respiratory reactions (rare)
- Dermatologic reactions (rare)
- Hematologic reactions (rare)
注意事項
Warning: Do not confuse glimepiride with other sulfonylureas such as glipizide or glyburide.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Animal studies show intrauterine deaths secondary to maternal hypoglycemia. Avoid use during pregnancy.
- Nursing: Excreted in maternal milk; manufacturer recommends discontinuing in nursing mothers.
- Hepatic/Renal Impairment: Use with caution as metabolism and excretion may be delayed, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
藥物交互作用
May increase plasma levels of glimepiride
May potentiate hypoglycemic effect
May displace glimepiride from plasma proteins
May reduce efficacy
May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
May displace glimepiride from plasma proteins
May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
May displace glimepiride from plasma proteins
監測
- Fasting blood glucose
- Appetite and attitude
- Body condition
- PU/PD resolution
- Serum fructosamine
- Glycosylated hemoglobin levels
- Signs of hypoglycemia
藥物動力學
吸收
In humans, completely absorbed from the GI tract. Peak levels occur in 2-3 hours; food delays the peak somewhat and lowers AUC by about 9%.
分佈
Volume of distribution is 0.11 L/kg; the drug is greater than 99% bound to plasma proteins (in humans).
代謝
Hepatically metabolized to at least two major metabolites. One of these, M1, has activity at about 1/3 that of the parent compound.
排除
Clearance is 48 mL/min. Approximately 60% of the drug (as metabolites) is excreted into the urine and the remainder in the feces. Has a 24-hour duration of activity in humans.
過量
Overdoses can lead to hypoglycemia, ranging from mild to severe and life-threatening.
Treatment:
- Immediate glucose administration (oral if conscious, IV dextrose if severe/unconscious).
- Intensive monitoring is critical.
- Due to the drug's long duration of activity, patients may require continuous glucose support (e.g., IV dextrose CRI) for at least 48 hours post-ingestion, even after apparent clinical recovery.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral Tablets
人用標示
- Glimepiride Oral Tablets: 1 mg, 2 mg, & 4 mg; Amaryl, generic; (Rx)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Glimepiride tablets should be stored between 15-30°C (59-86°F) in well-closed containers.
飼主須知
請了解此藥物在貓身上屬於「試驗性」用藥。若發現任何不良反應（如低血糖引起的虛弱、發抖或癲癇），請立即聯繫獸醫師。
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