葡萄糖胺 / 軟骨素
Glucosamine / Chondroitin Sulfate
2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / chondroitin polysulfate
別名: Cosequin · Dasuquin · Restor-A-Flex · ProMotion · Seraquin · chitosamine · NSC-758 · 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose · G6SD-glucosamine · amino monosaccharide · chondroitin 4-sulfate · chondroitin sulfate A/B/C · CSA · sodium chondroitin sulfate · chondroitin polysulfate · CDA · CSCSC · GAG · galactosaminogluconoglycan sulfate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of chronic pain | 13-15 mg/kg (of the chondroitin component) PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of cancer pain | 15-30 mg/kg (of the chondroitin component) PO once daily (q24h) for 4-6 weeks then half the dose | PO | q24h | 4-6 weeks then half dose | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of chronic pain | 13-15 mg/kg (of the chondroitin component) PO once daily or every other day (q24-48h) | PO | q24-48h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Dietary Supplement (Cosequin Regular Strength) - Small Dogs <25 lbs | under 10 lb.: 1/2 to 1 capsule daily; 10-24 lb.: 2 capsules daily (1 in AM; 1 in PM). Maintenance Administration (after initial 4-6 week period): under 10 lb. can often have their dosage reduced to 1/2 capsule daily or 1 capsule every other day. 10 to 24 lb. can often have their dosage reduced to 1 capsule daily. | PO | q12h-q24h | Initial 4-6 weeks, then maintenance | 🌎 NA |
| Dietary Supplement (Cosequin DS) - Medium/Large Dogs >25 lbs | 25-49 lb.: 2 capsules daily (1 in AM; 1 in PM); 50-100 lb.: 3 capsules daily (2 in AM; 1 in PM); over 100 lb.: 4 capsules daily (2 in AM; 2 in PM). Maintenance Administration (after initial 4-6 week period): dogs can have their total daily dosage gradually lowered until maintenance level is reached. | PO | Divided daily | Initial 4-6 weeks, then maintenance | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of cancer pain | 15-30 mg/kg (of the chondroitin component) PO once daily (q24h) for 4-6 weeks then half the dose | PO | q24h | 4-6 weeks then half dose | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of chronic pain | 15-20 mg/kg (of the chondroitin component) PO once daily or every other day (q24-48h) | PO | q24-48h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Dietary Supplement (Cosequin For Cats) | Initially: under 10 lb.: 1 capsule sprinkled on food daily; over 10 lb.: 2 capsules sprinkled on food daily (1 in AM/1 in PM). Maintenance Administration (after initial 4-6 week period): once desired response is obtained, capsules may be administered every other day. | PO | q24h or divided | Initial 4-6 weeks, then maintenance | 🌎 NA |
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navicular syndrome | 16.5 grams (5 scoops) in feed twice daily | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Dietary Supplement (Cosequin Concentrated Powder) | Initially: for horses under 600 lb., 2 scoops in AM and 2 scoops in PM; horses 600-1,200 lb., 3 scoops in AM and 3 scoops in PM; horses over 1,200 lb., 4 scoops in AM and 4 scoops in PM. Suggested Maintenance Administration: horses under 600 lb., 1 scoop daily; horses 600-1,200 lb., 1-2 scoops daily; horses over 1,200 lb., 2 scoops daily. | PO | Divided AM/PM | Initial 2-4 weeks, then maintenance | 🌎 NA |
- Navicular syndrome: Using Cosequin Concentrated Powder
- Dietary Supplement (Cosequin Concentrated Powder): Transition Period: Do not lower amount until horse has begun to respond. Reduce total daily amount by one level scoop each week.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
葡萄糖胺和軟骨素是廣泛使用的營養補充品（保健食品），主要用於狗、貓和馬的骨關節炎及其他疼痛性關節疾病的輔助治療。由於泌尿道保護層中含有糖胺聚糖，它們有時也用於支持患有貓下泌尿道疾病 (FLUTD) 的貓咪的膀胱健康。
臨床要點： 由於這些產品不受 FDA 作為藥物的監管，不同製造商的產品質量、純度和生物利用度可能存在巨大差異。強烈建議使用經過獨立質量測試和臨床試驗的知名獸醫公司產品（例如 Cosequin®）。
儘管臨床療效有時存在爭議且缺乏大規模的決定性研究，但這些補充劑通常被認為非常安全，並經常作為關節健康和慢性疼痛管理多模式方法的一部分。
作用機轉
These compounds work synergistically to support cartilage matrix synthesis and inhibit cartilage degradation:
- Glucosamine: Acts as a primary building block for cartilage. Chondrocytes utilize glucosamine to synthesize glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and hyaluronan. It also regulates the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans and exhibits mild anti-inflammatory properties by scavenging free radicals.
- Chondroitin Sulfate: Provides structural integrity to cartilage. It actively inhibits destructive enzymes (such as metalloproteinases) in joint fluid and cartilage. It also stimulates the production of GAGs and proteoglycans, and may reduce thrombi formation in the microvasculature of the joint.
Pathway: Exogenous Glucosamine + Chondroitin → Uptake by Chondrocytes → ↑ GAG & Hyaluronan Synthesis + ↓ Cartilage Degrading Enzymes → Improved Joint Fluid Viscosity & Cartilage Health.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to glucosamine or chondroitin
不良反應
- Mild gastrointestinal upset
- Flatulence
- Stool softening or mild diarrhea
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rare, as products are derived from natural sources)
注意事項
Use with caution in patients with bronchoconstrictive conditions (e.g., asthma), as glucosamine has been reported to exacerbate asthma symptoms in humans. Product quality varies widely; choose products with proven bioavailability. Products containing manganese could lead to manganese toxicity if given at very high dosages chronically.
藥物交互作用
Glucosamine may induce resistance to this agent by reducing its inhibition of topoisomerase II.
Glucosamine may induce resistance to this agent by reducing its inhibition of topoisomerase II.
High doses of chondroitin/glucosamine may enhance coagulation effects and theoretically increase the International Normalized Ratio (INR).
High doses potentially could enhance the effects of heparin or other drugs that affect coagulation.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (improvement in mobility, reduction in pain, or improvement in urinary signs for FLUTD)
藥物動力學
吸收
Both glucosamine HCl and glucosamine sulfate are absorbed in the gut after the salt is cleaved in the stomach. Purified, low molecular weight chondroitin appears to be absorbed from the gut. Reported bioavailability in horses is ~25% for chondroitin sulfate and ~2% for glucosamine. In dogs, bioavailability is ~5% for chondroitin sulfate and ~12% for glucosamine.
過量
Oral overdosage is highly unlikely to cause significant systemic problems. The LD50 for the combined compound in rats is greater than 5 g/kg.
- Clinical Signs: Massive ingestions may result in gastrointestinal effects (vomiting, diarrhea). Theoretical changes in coagulation parameters could occur but have not been documented.
- Toxicity Note: Products containing manganese could lead to manganese toxicity if given in very high dosages chronically above label recommendations.
可用產品
劑型
- Capsules
- Chewable tablets
- Powder
- Soft chews
獸醫用
- Cosequin®
- Restor-A-Flex®
- OsteO-3®
- Arthri-Nu®
- ProMotion®
- Seraquin®
- Oste-O-Guard®
- Caniflex®
- Equi-Phar Flex®
人用標示
- Various over-the-counter nutritional supplements (None as FDA-approved pharmaceuticals)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Check individual product labels for specific storage and expiration information. Chondroitin sulfate is extremely hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air). Generally, these products should be stored in tight containers at room temperature, avoiding direct sunlight.
飼主須知
- 需要耐心： 任何明顯的臨床改善可能需要 2 到 6 週 的持續日常治療。
- 保持一致性： 在未諮詢獸醫之前，請勿隨意更換處方品牌，因為市售非處方補充劑的質量差異極大。
- 給藥方式： 錠劑可作為零食餵食或壓碎混入食物中。膠囊可以打開並將粉末撒在濕食或稍微潤濕的乾糧上，以確保寵物吃下完整劑量。
- 副作用： 產生不良反應的可能性極低，但有小型動物出現輕微腸胃不適（軟便、脹氣）的報告。如果情況嚴重，請聯繫您的獸醫。
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