葡萄糖
輸液 / 能量補充劑
葡萄糖是一種用於液體補充和提供細胞代謝能量的滲透劑。稀釋溶液用於補充細胞內和間質液流失，而高濃度溶液則用於靜脈注射以提供能量或治療低血糖。濃度大於5%的溶液具有高滲透壓，若非經由靜脈給藥會產生強烈刺激性。
作用機制: Glucose acts as a direct **source of energy** for cellular metabolism. It enters cells via specific glucose transporters (GLUT) and undergoes glycolysis → ATP production. In fluid therapy, it also acts as an **osmotic agent**, drawing water into the intravascular space or providing free water once the glucose is rapidly metabolized.
給藥途徑
IV
禁忌症
- Use with caution in patients with insulin resistance
- Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus
不良反應
- Phlebitis and tissue irritation (with hyperosmolar solutions >5%)
- Severe hypophosphataemia (refeeding syndrome in starved patients)
- Hyperglycaemia
監測
- Blood glucose concentrations
- Serum phosphorus (especially in starved patients)
- Catheter site for signs of phlebitis or extravasation
- Hydration status and electrolyte balance
過量
If glucose loading produces signs of **hyperglycaemia**, insulin may be added to correct it. Overdosage can also lead to osmotic diuresis, resulting in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
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