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麩醯胺酸

Glutamine

L-glutamine

營養補充劑 / 胺基酸POIV狗貓

別名: GLN · glutamate · glutaminate · levoglutamide · levoglutamine · L-glutamic acid 5amide · l-glutamine · Q

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

0.5 grams/kg PO dailyPO· q24h
— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions0.5 grams/kg PO dailyPOq24h—🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions0.5 gram/kg/day PO divided twice a dayPOq12h—🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions (for animals not eating)0.5 grams/kg per day divided into 2-3 dosesPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
  • Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions: Administer in water or food
  • Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions (for animals not eating): Dissolved in drinking water

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions0.5 grams/kg PO dailyPOq24h—🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions0.5 gram/kg/day PO divided twice a dayPOq12h—🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions (for animals not eating)0.5 grams/kg per day divided into 2-3 dosesPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
  • Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions: Administer in water or food
  • Adjunctive treatment of GI inflammatory conditions (for animals not eating): Dissolved in drinking water

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

麩醯胺酸是一種​條件性必需胺基酸​，在維持胃腸道、免疫系統、腎臟和肝臟的健康與完整性方面扮演著關鍵角色。

雖然健康且蛋白質攝取充足的動物能在骨骼肌中合成足夠的麩醯胺酸，但處於嚴重代謝壓力下（如重症、嚴重創傷或接受化療）的病患，其消耗量可能會超過生成量。這種消耗會導致進行性肌肉萎縮，並損害腸道黏膜屏障，造成腸道上皮萎縮、潰瘍或壞死。

​臨床重點：​

  • 主要作為​胃腸道保護劑​，用於促進小腸病毒感染、化療引起的腸炎及胰臟炎等情況下的黏膜癒合。
  • ​臨床提示：​ 麩醯胺酸是腸上皮細胞和結腸細胞首選的呼吸燃料。補充的目的是直接滋養這些細胞並維持腸道屏障功能，防止細菌移位。
  • 通常非常安全且安全範圍廣，儘管在獸醫學中的臨床療效數據仍褒貶不一（例如，部分研究顯示對貓的甲氨蝶呤誘導性腸炎無顯著益處）。

作用機轉

Glutamine serves multiple vital physiological functions:

  • ​Enterocyte Fuel:​ It is the primary metabolic fuel for rapidly dividing cells, particularly intestinal enterocytes and immune cells (lymphocytes, macrophages). Glutamine is metabolized via glutaminase to glutamate, which is then converted to alpha-ketoglutarate to enter the TCA (Krebs) cycle for ATP production.
  • ​Precursor Molecule:​ It acts as a crucial nitrogen donor and precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (a major intracellular antioxidant), purines, pyrimidines, and other amino acids.
  • ​Mucosal Integrity:​ By providing direct energy to the gut lining, it stimulates intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, helping to maintain tight junctions and prevent increased intestinal permeability ("leaky gut") during times of severe stress or mucosal injury.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Severe hepatic insufficiency
  • Severe behavior disorders
  • Epilepsy or seizure disorders

不良反應

  • Generally well tolerated
  • Potential CNS effects at very high dosages
  • Increased serum ammonia or glutamate levels

注意事項

Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency, severe behavior disorders, or epilepsy, as glutamine is partially metabolized into ammonia and glutamate. There is insufficient data documenting the safe use of glutamine during pregnancy or nursing.

藥物交互作用

Anticonvulsant medications (e.g., phenobarbital, potassium bromide)

Glutamine could potentially decrease the efficacy of antiseizure medications because it is partially converted into glutamate, which acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

Lactulose

Theoretically, glutamine may antagonize the ammonia-lowering effects of lactulose in patients being treated for hepatic encephalopathy.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (improvement in GI signs, weight maintenance)
  • Serum ammonia levels (in patients with compromised liver function)
  • Serum glutamate levels

藥物動力學

分佈

Produced primarily in skeletal muscle and released into circulation.

代謝

Partially metabolized into ammonia and glutamate.

過量

Overdosages are unlikely to be harmful in healthy animals. In humans, intravenous doses of up to 40 grams per day have been tolerated without ill effects. However, because glutamine is partially metabolized to ammonia, patients with pre-existing hepatic insufficiency (liver disease) may be adversely affected and could develop signs of hepatic encephalopathy.

可用產品

劑型

  • Tablets
  • Powder
  • Oral suspension (when dissolved in water)

人用標示

  • L-glutamine 500 mg tablets
  • Glutamine powder
  • Glutamic acid 500 mg tablets
  • Glutamic acid powder

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Glutamine tablets and powder should be stored in tight containers at room temperature.

飼主須知

​什麼是麩醯胺酸？​ 麩醯胺酸是一種天然存在的胺基酸，有助於為胃腸道內壁細胞提供能量。它通常作為營養補充劑，幫助腸道在嚴重疾病（如小腸病毒、胰臟炎或化療期間）中癒合。

  • ​給藥方式：​ 麩醯胺酸可與食物一起餵食。如果您的寵物食慾不佳，可按照獸醫師的指示將粉末溶解在飲用水中。
  • ​安全性：​ 它通常非常安全且耐受性良好。
  • ​注意事項：​ 如果您的寵物有肝臟疾病、癲癇或行為障礙的病史，請告知您的獸醫師，因為麩醯胺酸可能不適合牠們使用。

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