玻尿酸鈉
Hyaluronate Sodium
Sodium salt of hyaluronic acid
別名: Hyalovet · Hyvisc · Legend · Hylartin-V · Equron · Synacid · Conquer · An-HyPro · ClinaDry · Remend · Hyabak · HyloForte · Hylo-Tear · Vismed Multi · HA · hyaluronan · rooster juice · hyaluronic acid · natrii hyaluronas · Sodium hyaluronate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of synovitis | 3-5 mg | IA | weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) or corneal ulceration | 1-2 drops per eye | Topical | q4h to q12h (or as needed) | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Adjunctive treatment of synovitis: Use a high molecular weight compound. Administer using sterile technique. Long-term effects are not achieved.
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) or corneal ulceration: Frequency depends on the severity of the condition and the viscosity of the product.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) or corneal ulceration | 1-2 drops per eye | Topical | q4h to q12h (or as needed) | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) or corneal ulceration: Frequency depends on the severity of the condition and the viscosity of the product.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular lubrication / corneal ulceration | 1 drop per eye | Topical | q4h to q12h | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Ocular lubrication / corneal ulceration: Commonly used in rabbits with exophthalmos or lagophthalmos.
雪貂
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular lubrication / corneal ulceration | 1 drop per eye | Topical | q4h to q12h | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Ocular lubrication / corneal ulceration: Frequency depends on the severity of the condition.
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular lubrication / corneal trauma | 1 drop per eye | Topical | q6h to q12h | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Ocular lubrication / corneal trauma: Use with care to avoid stressing the bird during frequent handling.
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular lubrication / corneal trauma | 1 drop per eye | Topical | q6h to q12h | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Ocular lubrication / corneal trauma: Useful for retained spectacles or post-traumatic ulceration.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osteoarthritis / Synovitis (Hylartin-V, Hyvisc, Hyalovet) | 20 mg | IA | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Osteoarthritis / Synovitis (Equron) | 10 mg | IA | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Osteoarthritis / Synovitis (Synacid) | 50 mg | IA | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Osteoarthritis / Synovitis (Legend) | 40 mg IV or 20 mg IA | IV/IA | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Reduce joint effusion post-arthroscopic surgery for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) | 100 mg | PO | once daily | 30 days | 🌎 NA |
- Osteoarthritis / Synovitis (Hylartin-V, Hyvisc, Hyalovet): Check individual product label for specific dosing.
- Osteoarthritis / Synovitis (Equron): Check individual product label for specific dosing.
- Osteoarthritis / Synovitis (Synacid): Check individual product label for specific dosing.
- Osteoarthritis / Synovitis (Legend): Check individual product label for specific dosing.
- Reduce joint effusion post-arthroscopic surgery for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD): Administered as an oral gel (Conquer)
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
玻尿酸鈉（通常稱為玻尿酸或 HA）是一種天然存在的高黏度黏多醣，大量存在於結締組織、關節滑液、臍帶和眼睛的玻璃體中。在獸醫學中，它主要用於治療滑膜炎和骨關節炎，特別是當未伴隨嚴重的退化性關節疾病或全層軟骨缺損時。
關鍵臨床要點：
- 分子量 (MW) 差異： 市售產品的分子量差異很大。當需要避免滑膜沾黏和血管翳形成（例如術後碎片移除）時，通常首選高分子量產品 (>1x10^6)，因為它們能抑制滑膜纖維母細胞的增生。低分子量產品通常較便宜，也能有效改善關節疾病的症狀。
- 來源： 許多商業獸醫 HA 產品提取自公雞冠，但也有生物發酵來源的產品。
- 給藥方式： 主要透過關節內 (IA) 或靜脈內 (IV) 注射給藥，不過口服凝膠製劑也已證實能有效減少馬匹術後的關節積液。
作用機轉
Hyaluronate sodium provides both mechanical and pharmacological benefits to the diseased joint:
- Mechanical Support: Restores the viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid, providing a cushioning effect and boundary lubrication for articular cartilage.
- Anti-inflammatory Pathway:
- Free Radicals → Scavenged directly by HA molecules, reducing oxidative damage within the joint capsule.
- Prostaglandins → Synthesis and release are suppressed, mitigating local inflammation and pain.
- Cellular Modulation: Reduces the influx of inflammatory proteins and leukocytes into the joint space. Interacts with CD44 receptors on synoviocytes and macrophages to downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Injection through skin that has been recently fired or blistered
- Injection through skin with excessive scurf or counterirritants
- Use as a substitute for adequate diagnosis (e.g., failing to rule out fractures via radiography)
- Hypersensitivity to hyaluronate or any component of the formulation
不良反應
- Local joint flare (heat, swelling, and/or effusion) post-injection
- Increased incidence of flares when combined with other intra-articular drugs
- Mild transient ocular irritation (rare)
- Temporary blurred vision immediately after application (especially with higher viscosity gels)
注意事項
Do not use as a substitute for adequate diagnosis; radiographic examinations should be performed to rule out serious fractures. Strict aseptic technique is mandatory for intra-articular injections. Safe use in breeding animals has not been established, and most manufacturers caution against its use in these populations.
監測
- Resolution of clinical signs (lameness, joint effusion)
- Injection site for signs of local reaction (heat, swelling, pain) within 24-96 hours post-injection
- Resolution of clinical signs (e.g., blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia)
- Corneal ulcer healing via fluorescein staining
- Schirmer tear test (STT) for dry eye management
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Intra-articular administration provides immediate local effects. Oral formulations have demonstrated clinical efficacy in reducing joint effusion, suggesting adequate bioavailability or systemic signaling.
分佈
Naturally concentrates in synovial fluid, the vitreous of the eye, and the umbilical cord.
代謝
Degraded locally within the joint space and systemically via hepatic pathways.
排除
Cleared from the synovial fluid into the systemic circulation before final excretion.
過量
Acute toxicology studies performed in horses have demonstrated no systemic toxicity associated with overdoses.
可用產品
劑型
- Intra-articular (IA) injection
- Intravenous (IV) injection
- Oral gel
- Ophthalmic solution: 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.4% in 10 ml bottle
- Ophthalmic gel: 0.4% and 0.75% Hyasent-S (modified, cross-linked hyaluronic acid) in Remend products
獸醫用
- Hyalovet: 20 mg/mL in 2 mL disposable syringes
- Legend: 2 mL vial for IA administration; 4 mL & 20 mL vials for IV administration
- Hyvisc: 11 mg/mL in 2 mL syringes
- Hylartin V: 10 mg/mL in 2 mL disposable syringes
- Conquer Equine Gel: 10 mg/mL (100 mg/10 mL) oral gel
- An-HyPro
- ClinaDry
- Remend Corneal Lubricant
- Remend Corneal Repair Gel
人用標示
- Hyabak
- HyloForte
- Hylo-Tear
- Vismed Multi
各地核准狀態
Often classified as a Pharmacy (P) medicine or general sales list depending on the specific product and country.
Some human products are Pharmacy (P) medicines; veterinary products like Remend are widely available.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature or refrigerate depending on the specific product used (always check the label). Do not freeze. Protect from light.
飼主須知
重要提示： 此藥物的注射劑型必須由獸醫師使用嚴格的無菌技術進行施打，以防止關節感染。
- 預期反應： 注射後，動物經歷暫時性的「關節發炎反應」（關節出現輕微發熱、腫脹或積液）是相對常見的。這通常會在 24 到 48 小時內自行消退，但有時可能需要長達 4 天的時間。
- 口服補充劑： 如果您的獸醫師開立了口服凝膠（如 Conquer），請完全按照指示餵食。它通常用於幫助減少某些骨科手術後的關節腫脹。
- 安全性： 此藥物在全身系統上非常安全，但如果您的動物打算用於繁殖，請告知您的獸醫師，因為其在懷孕動物中的安全性尚未完全確立。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。